A nurse is teaching a patient who has a history of ulcerative colitis and a new diagnosis of anemia.
Which of the following manifestations of colitis should the nurse identify as a contributing factor to the development of the anemia?
Intestinal parasites.
Chronic blood loss.
Intestinal malabsorption syndrome.
Dietary iron restrictions.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Intestinal parasites can cause anemia through various mechanisms, such as blood loss, nutrient malabsorption, and inflammation. However, this is not a direct manifestation of ulcerative colitis itself but rather a separate potential cause of anemia in any individual. Ulcerative colitis primarily affects the colon and rectum.
Choice B rationale
Chronic blood loss is a significant contributing factor to anemia in patients with ulcerative colitis. The inflammation and ulceration of the colonic mucosa lead to bleeding into the intestinal lumen. Over time, this persistent blood loss can result in iron deficiency anemia, characterized by low hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. Normal hemoglobin ranges are typically 13.5 to 17.5 g/dL for men and 12.0 to 15.5 g/dL for women.
Choice C rationale
Intestinal malabsorption syndrome can lead to anemia by impairing the absorption of essential nutrients like iron, vitamin B12, and folate, which are crucial for red blood cell production. While malabsorption can occur in inflammatory bowel diseases, it is more commonly associated with Crohn's disease, which affects the entire gastrointestinal tract, rather than primarily ulcerative colitis.
Choice D rationale
Dietary iron restrictions would limit the intake of a necessary component for hemoglobin synthesis, potentially leading to or exacerbating anemia. However, this is an external factor and not a manifestation of ulcerative colitis itself. In fact, patients with ulcerative colitis are often encouraged to maintain a diet rich in iron-containing foods to compensate for blood loss.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Prednisone, a corticosteroid, can decrease calcium absorption in the gut and increase calcium excretion by the kidneys. Long-term use can lead to bone demineralization and osteoporosis. Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption, so supplementation helps mitigate these effects and maintain bone health. Normal serum calcium levels range from 8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL.
Choice B rationale
Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) is involved in various metabolic processes, and vitamin B6 is crucial for protein metabolism and nerve function. While important for overall health, there is no direct established link requiring their supplementation specifically due to prednisone therapy.
Choice C rationale
Biotin (vitamin B7) is involved in carbohydrate and fat metabolism, and vitamin B12 is essential for red blood cell formation and nerve function. There is no strong scientific evidence indicating a specific need for biotin and vitamin B12 supplementation during long-term prednisone treatment.
Choice D rationale
Folic acid (vitamin B9) is important for cell growth and DNA synthesis, and vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is an antioxidant involved in immune function and collagen synthesis. While beneficial for overall health, their supplementation is not specifically indicated to counteract the side effects of long-term prednisone therapy.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Pruritus following scabies treatment is often due to residual irritation from the mites and the inflammatory response. Mittens can prevent scratching, which can exacerbate the itching, lead to skin breakdown, and increase the risk of secondary infections.
Choice B rationale
Rubbing the affected area, even gently, can further irritate the skin and intensify the itching sensation. This can prolong discomfort and potentially cause skin damage.
Choice C rationale
Applying additional scabicide after the prescribed treatment is completed is generally not recommended and can cause skin irritation or even systemic toxicity if overused. Pruritus after treatment is usually due to the body's reaction to dead mites and their products, not ongoing infestation.
Choice D rationale
Hot showers can dry out the skin and worsen pruritus. Warm or cool showers are generally recommended for individuals experiencing itching, as they are less likely to cause further irritation.
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