A nurse is providing teaching to a client about recognizing manifestations of an impending cardiac arrest. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse include in the teaching?

Muscular aches in the leg

Profound fatigue

Severe headache

Ringing in the ears

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Muscular aches in the leg: Muscular aches in the leg are not typically indicative of an impending cardiac arrest. While leg pain or cramping can be associated with peripheral vascular disease or venous insufficiency, they are not specific signs of cardiac arrest.

B. Profound fatigue: Profound fatigue can be a warning sign of an impending cardiac arrest. Fatigue or weakness can result from inadequate blood flow to the heart muscle, which may occur prior to a cardiac event. Additionally, systemic effects of cardiovascular compromise can lead to generalized weakness and fatigue.

C. Severe headache: While severe headache can be associated with conditions such as hypertension or intracranial bleeding, it is not a typical manifestation of an impending cardiac arrest. Headaches may occur as a result of stress or anxiety related to the cardiac event, but they are not a direct warning sign of impending cardiac arrest.

D. Ringing in the ears: Ringing in the ears, also known as tinnitus, is not typically associated with an impending cardiac arrest. Tinnitus can result from various factors such as noise exposure, ear infections, or certain medications, but it is not considered a warning sign of impending cardiac arrest.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Stress can contribute to the development of atrial flutter, but it is not the highest risk factor compared to other options.

B. While electrolyte imbalances resulting from vomiting and diarrhea can predispose someone to arrhythmias, they are not as significant a risk factor for atrial flutter as other conditions.

C. A family history of atrial flutter may increase the likelihood of developing the condition, but it is not as significant a risk factor compared to other options.

D. A history of myocardial infarction and stent placement indicates underlying heart disease, which is a significant risk factor for developing atrial flutter. Cardiac events like myocardial infarction can lead to structural changes in the heart, such as scarring or remodeling, which can predispose individuals to atrial flutter. Therefore, this client is at the highest risk for developing atrial flutter among the options provided.

A. The client whose mother and uncle were diagnosed with this same condition. B. The client who is recovering from a recent illness that caused vomiting and diarrhea. C. The client who is out of work and has been experiencing increased stress. D. The client who uses oxygen at night to treat obstructive sleep apnea.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. The client whose mother and uncle were diagnosed with this same condition: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) often has a genetic component, with a familial predisposition observed in many cases. Individuals with a family history of HCM, especially in first-degree relatives such as parents or siblings, are at higher risk of developing the condition due to genetic factors.

B. The client who is recovering from a recent illness that caused vomiting and diarrhea: Acute illnesses such as vomiting and diarrhea can lead to dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and transient changes in cardiac function. While dehydration and electrolyte imbalances may exacerbate symptoms in individuals with existing cardiac conditions, they are not primary risk factors for developing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).

C. The client who is out of work and has been experiencing increased stress: Chronic stress and psychosocial factors may contribute to the progression of cardiovascular disease in general, but they are not specific risk factors for developing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).

D. The client who uses oxygen at night to treat obstructive sleep apnea: While obstructive sleep apnea is associated with cardiovascular complications, including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), the use of oxygen therapy at night to treat sleep apnea does not directly increase the risk of developing HCM. However, untreated obstructive sleep apnea may lead to chronic hypoxia and other cardiac issues over time.

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A nurse is providing teaching to a client about recognizing manifestations of an impending cardiac arrest. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse include in the teaching?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is teaching a group of clients about risk factors for developing atrial flutter. Which of the following clients should the nurse understand is at highest risk for developing atrial flutter?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is teaching a group of clients about risk factors for developing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Which of the following clients should the nurse understand is most at risk for developing HCM?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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