A nurse is providing teaching to a group of clients about the prevention of coronary artery disease. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

Walk 30 min daily at a comfortable pace.

Limit saturated fat intake to 10% of total daily calories.

Maintain a BMI of 30.

Consume at least 2,000 mg of sodium per day.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Rationale:
A. Walk 30 min daily at a comfortable pace: While daily walking is beneficial, a comfortable pace may not provide enough cardiovascular benefit. Moderate-intensity aerobic activity is more effective in preventing coronary artery disease.

B. Limit saturated fat intake to 10% of total daily calories: Reducing saturated fat intake helps lower LDL cholesterol levels, a major contributor to atherosclerosis. This dietary modification is a key recommendation for coronary artery disease prevention.

C. Maintain a BMI of 30: A BMI of 30 indicates obesity, which is a significant risk factor for coronary artery disease. The goal should be to maintain a BMI under 25 to reduce cardiovascular risk.

D. Consume at least 2,000 mg of sodium per day: While 2,000 mg may seem moderate, most guidelines recommend keeping sodium intake below this level—often under 1,500 mg—to reduce hypertension and lower heart disease risk.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Rationale:
A. Increased thirst: Polydipsia, or excessive thirst, is a classic symptom of hyperglycemia. It results from the body's attempt to counteract dehydration caused by osmotic diuresis, which occurs when high glucose levels pull fluid into the urine.

B. Decreased urine output: Hyperglycemia typically causes polyuria (increased urine output), not decreased. High glucose concentrations in the blood lead to osmotic diuresis, resulting in frequent and excessive urination.

C. Moist skin: Hyperglycemia is more often associated with dry skin and mucous membranes due to fluid loss. Moist, clammy skin is more characteristic of hypoglycemia, particularly when it is accompanied by sweating and other adrenergic symptoms.

D. Tremors: Tremors are more commonly associated with hypoglycemia due to increased sympathetic nervous system activity. Hyperglycemia usually develops more gradually and does not typically produce tremors.

A. Administer vasopressin to the client. B. Request blood from the blood bank. C. Verify that the client has adequate IV access. D. Insert an indwelling urinary catheter.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Rationale:
A. Administer vasopressin to the client: Vasopressin is used to constrict splanchnic circulation and reduce portal pressure, helping control variceal bleeding. However, medication administration requires functional IV access, which must be verified or established before proceeding.

B. Request blood from the blood bank: Blood transfusion is necessary to treat hemorrhagic shock and restore circulating volume, but requesting blood is not the immediate priority before ensuring access for administration.

C. Verify that the client has adequate IV access: Establishing or verifying large-bore IV access is the first priority in any client experiencing hemorrhagic shock. This enables the rapid infusion of fluids, blood products, and medications necessary to stabilize the client.

D. Insert an indwelling urinary catheter: Monitoring urine output is important for assessing renal perfusion and fluid status, but it is not the most urgent intervention when the client is actively bleeding and hemodynamically unstable.

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A nurse is providing teaching to a group of clients about the prevention of coronary artery disease. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

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