A nurse is providing teaching to a group of clients about the prevention of coronary artery disease. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

Walk 30 min daily at a comfortable pace.

Limit saturated fat intake to 10% of total daily calories.

Maintain a BMI of 30.

Consume at least 2,000 mg of sodium per day.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Rationale:
A. Walk 30 min daily at a comfortable pace: While daily walking is beneficial, a comfortable pace may not provide enough cardiovascular benefit. Moderate-intensity aerobic activity is more effective in preventing coronary artery disease.

B. Limit saturated fat intake to 10% of total daily calories: Reducing saturated fat intake helps lower LDL cholesterol levels, a major contributor to atherosclerosis. This dietary modification is a key recommendation for coronary artery disease prevention.

C. Maintain a BMI of 30: A BMI of 30 indicates obesity, which is a significant risk factor for coronary artery disease. The goal should be to maintain a BMI under 25 to reduce cardiovascular risk.

D. Consume at least 2,000 mg of sodium per day: While 2,000 mg may seem moderate, most guidelines recommend keeping sodium intake below this level—often under 1,500 mg—to reduce hypertension and lower heart disease risk.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Rationale:
A. Fasting blood glucose 65 mg/dL (70 to 110 mg/dL): While slightly below the normal range, this mild hypoglycemia is not a typical adverse effect of cyclosporine. Cyclosporine is more commonly associated with nephrotoxicity, hypertension, and increased infection risk rather than altering glucose levels significantly.

B. RBC count 6.3/μL (4.7 to 6.1/μL): This value is slightly elevated but not clinically concerning and is not a known adverse effect of cyclosporine. The medication typically affects white blood cells and kidney function more than red cell production.

C. BUN 24 mg/dL (10 to 20 mg/dL): An elevated BUN level may indicate reduced kidney function, which is a common adverse effect of cyclosporine. This immunosuppressant is nephrotoxic and requires close monitoring of renal function through BUN and creatinine levels.

D. Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) 25 units/L (30 to 120 units/L): This ALP level is slightly below normal but not typically associated with cyclosporine use. Cyclosporine does not usually cause significant changes in ALP unless there is liver involvement, which is less common than kidney-related complications.

A. "Lie down after meals." B. "Elevate the head of the bed while sleeping." C. "Eat a snack 1 hour before going to bed." D. "Eat three large meals each day."

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Rationale:
A. "Lie down after meals.": Lying down after eating increases the risk of gastric contents refluxing into the esophagus due to gravity. Clients with GERD should remain upright for at least 2 to 3 hours after meals to minimize symptoms.
B. "Elevate the head of the bed while sleeping.": Elevating the head of the bed by 6 to 8 inches helps prevent nighttime reflux by using gravity to reduce backward flow of stomach acid into the esophagus, which is a key strategy in GERD management.
C. "Eat a snack 1 hour before going to bed.": Eating close to bedtime can exacerbate GERD symptoms by increasing gastric volume and acid production, especially when the client lies down soon after eating. A longer gap between the last meal and sleep is advised.
D. "Eat three large meals each day.": Large meals increase gastric pressure and acid production, worsening reflux symptoms. Clients with GERD should eat smaller, more frequent meals to reduce gastric distension and minimize acid reflux episodes.

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A nurse is providing teaching to a group of clients about the prevention of coronary artery disease. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

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