A nurse is providing teaching to an adolescent who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching?

Take glyburide with breakfast

Obtain an influenza vaccine annually

Inject insulin in the deltoid muscle

Administer glucagon for hyperglycemia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Glyburide is an oral medication that lowers blood sugar by stimulating the pancreas to produce more insulin. It is not used for type 1 diabetes mellitus, as the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin in this condition. Glyburide is used for type 2 diabetes mellitus, which is caused by insulin resistance.

Choice B reason: Obtaining an influenza vaccine annually is recommended for people who have type 1 diabetes mellitus, as they are more prone to complications from the flu, such as pneumonia, ketoacidosis, and hospitalization. The vaccine can help prevent or reduce the severity of the flu and its complications.

Choice C reason: Injecting insulin in the deltoid muscle is not the best practice for administering insulin, as the absorption rate and onset of action may vary depending on the muscle mass and blood flow. The preferred sites for insulin injection are the abdomen, the upper arms, the thighs, and the buttocks, as they have more subcutaneous fat and less muscle tissue. The injection site should also be rotated to prevent lipodystrophy.

Choice D reason: Administering glucagon for hyperglycemia is not appropriate, as glucagon is a hormone that raises blood sugar by stimulating the liver to release glucose. It is used for hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, which is a common and serious complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar, is treated with insulin, fluids, and electrolytes.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

Choice A: The reason why the child is taking the medication

It is essential for the nurse to explain why the child is taking the medication. This helps the parents or caregivers understand the importance of the medication and ensures they are more likely to adhere to the prescribed treatment plan. Knowing the reason for the medication can also help in recognizing the signs of improvement or any potential issues that may arise during the course of treatment.

Choice B: The adverse effects of the medication

Informing the parents or caregivers about the potential adverse effects of the medication is crucial. This knowledge allows them to monitor the child for any side effects and seek medical attention if necessary. It also helps in managing expectations and reduces anxiety if any common side effects occur.

Choice C: Stopping the medication when the child feels better

This is not a correct choice. It is important to complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed, even if the child starts feeling better. Stopping the medication prematurely can lead to incomplete treatment of the infection and may contribute to antibiotic resistance.

Choice D: Written information about the medication

Providing written information about the medication is important as it serves as a reference for the parents or caregivers. This information can include dosage instructions, potential side effects, and any other relevant details. Written instructions help ensure that the medication is administered correctly and consistently.

Choice E: Using a kitchen spoon to administer the medication

This is not a correct choice. Using a kitchen spoon to administer medication is not recommended as it can lead to inaccurate dosing. It is important to use a proper measuring device, such as an oral syringe or a medication cup, to ensure the correct dosage is given.

A. Encourage your child to avoid sharing hats with other children. B. The lice can survive for 2 weeks away from the host. C. Washing your child's hair daily will prevent lice. D. Lice can jump from one child to another.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Encouraging the child to avoid sharing hats with other children is a preventive measure to reduce the risk of lice transmission. Lice are spread by direct contact with the hair or personal items of an infested person. Hats, combs, brushes, scarves, and pillows are some of the items that can harbor lice.

Choice B reason: The lice can survive for 2 weeks away from the host is a false statement. Lice cannot live longer than 24 to 48 hours without a human host. They need blood to survive and reproduce. Therefore, this information is not helpful for the parents to prevent or treat lice.

Choice C reason: Washing your child's hair daily will prevent lice is a false statement. Lice are not a sign of poor hygiene or cleanliness. They can affect anyone regardless of how often they wash their hair. In fact, lice may prefer clean hair because it is easier to attach to. Therefore, this information is not helpful for the parents to prevent or treat lice.

Choice D reason: Lice can jump from one child to another is a false statement. Lice cannot jump, fly, or hop. They can only crawl from one person to another. Therefore, this information is not helpful for the parents to prevent or treat lice.

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