A nurse is providing teaching to an adolescent who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching?
Take glyburide with breakfast
Obtain an influenza vaccine annually
Inject insulin in the deltoid muscle
Administer glucagon for hyperglycemia
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Glyburide is an oral medication that lowers blood sugar by stimulating the pancreas to produce more insulin. It is not used for type 1 diabetes mellitus, as the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin in this condition. Glyburide is used for type 2 diabetes mellitus, which is caused by insulin resistance.
Choice B reason: Obtaining an influenza vaccine annually is recommended for people who have type 1 diabetes mellitus, as they are more prone to complications from the flu, such as pneumonia, ketoacidosis, and hospitalization. The vaccine can help prevent or reduce the severity of the flu and its complications.
Choice C reason: Injecting insulin in the deltoid muscle is not the best practice for administering insulin, as the absorption rate and onset of action may vary depending on the muscle mass and blood flow. The preferred sites for insulin injection are the abdomen, the upper arms, the thighs, and the buttocks, as they have more subcutaneous fat and less muscle tissue. The injection site should also be rotated to prevent lipodystrophy.
Choice D reason: Administering glucagon for hyperglycemia is not appropriate, as glucagon is a hormone that raises blood sugar by stimulating the liver to release glucose. It is used for hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, which is a common and serious complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar, is treated with insulin, fluids, and electrolytes.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: This is the correct instruction for the nurse to include in the plan. Mumps is a viral infection that causes inflammation of the salivary glands. It is transmitted by respiratory droplets from coughing, sneezing, or talking. The nurse should initiate droplet precautions, which include wearing a surgical mask, gloves, and gown, and keeping the child in a private room or with other children who have mumps.
Choice B reason: This is not the correct instruction for the nurse to include in the plan. Airborne precautions are used for infections that are transmitted by small particles that can remain suspended in the air for long periods of time, such as tuberculosis, chickenpox, or measles. Mumps is not an airborne infection, and the nurse does not need to wear a respirator or place the child in a negative pressure room.
Choice C reason: This is not the correct instruction for the nurse to include in the plan. Contact precautions are used for infections that are transmitted by direct or indirect contact with the infected person or their environment, such as scabies, impetigo, or MRSA. Mumps is not a contact infection, and the nurse does not need to wear gloves and gown for all interactions with the child or use disposable equipment.
Choice D reason: This is not the correct instruction for the nurse to include in the plan. Standard precautions are the minimum level of infection control that should be used for all patients, regardless of their diagnosis or presumed infection status. They include hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment, safe injection practices, and environmental cleaning. However, they are not sufficient for preventing the transmission of mumps, and the nurse should use additional precautions.
Correct Answer is ["B"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Polyuria, or excessive urination, is not a sign of low blood glucose level, but of high blood glucose level. It is caused by osmotic diuresis, which occurs when the kidneys try to flush out the excess glucose from the blood.
Choice B reason: Tachycardia, or fast heart rate, is a sign of low blood glucose level. It is caused by the activation of the sympathetic nervous system, which releases adrenaline and other hormones to increase the blood glucose level and stimulate the heart.
Choice C reason: Dry, flushed skin is not a sign of low blood glucose level, but of high blood glucose level. It is caused by dehydration, which occurs when the body loses fluid due to polyuria and increased thirst.
Choice D reason: Deep, rapid respirations are not a sign of low blood glucose level, but of diabetic ketoacidosis, a complication of high blood glucose level. It is caused by the accumulation of ketones, which are acidic substances produced when the body breaks down fat for energy due to lack of insulin.
Choice E reason: Hunger is a sign of low blood glucose level. It is caused by the lack of glucose in the cells, which are the main source of energy for the body. The brain signals the body to eat more to raise the blood glucose level.
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