A nurse is providing teaching to the guardian of an infant who has heart failure. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Place the infant in a supine position.

Allow the infant to sleep through night feedings.

Minimize the infant's environmental stimuli.

Bathe the infant every day.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. "Place the infant in a supine position." Infants with heart failure often have difficulty breathing, so placing them in a semi-upright position (e.g., in a car seat or with the head elevated) can help with breathing and reduce cardiac workload.

B. "Allow the infant to sleep through night feedings." Infants with heart failure have increased metabolic demands and may fatigue easily during feedings. Small, frequent feedings (including nighttime feedings) are important to ensure adequate nutrition.

C. "Minimize the infant's environmental stimuli." Excessive stimulation can increase the infant’s metabolic and oxygen demands, worsening heart failure symptoms. Keeping the environment calm and quiet helps reduce stress on the heart.

D. "Bathe the infant every day." While hygiene is important, daily baths can be too exhausting for an infant with heart failure. Instead, bathing should be limited to as needed (e.g., sponge baths) to prevent excessive fatigue.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Lymphadenopathy. While some viral infections cause lymph node swelling, lymphadenopathy is not a hallmark sign of rubeola (measles).
B. Steatorrhea. Steatorrhea (fatty stools) is associated with conditions like cystic fibrosis and celiac disease, not rubeola.
C. Koplik spots. Koplik spots are small, white lesions with a red base found on the buccal mucosa, and they are a classic early sign of measles (rubeola).
D. Paroxysmal coughing. Paroxysmal coughing is characteristic of pertussis (whooping cough), not rubeola.

A. "Keep the car seat in a rear-facing position until your infant is 2 years old." B. "Fasten the harness over your infant's winter coat." C. "Ensure the airbag is activated if the car seat is in the front passenger seat." D. "Pad the backrest of the car seat with a thick blanket before securing your infant."

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. "Keep the car seat in a rear-facing position until your infant is 2 years old." The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends keeping infants in a rear-facing car seat until at least 2 years of age or until they reach the height and weight limits specified by the car seat manufacturer for optimal safety.

B. "Fasten the harness over your infant's winter coat." Bulky clothing (such as winter coats) should not be worn under the harness because it can create excess space, reducing the effectiveness of the restraint and increasing injury risk. Instead, the infant should be dressed in thin layers, and a blanket can be placed over the secured harness if warmth is needed.

C. "Ensure the airbag is activated if the car seat is in the front passenger seat." Infants should never be placed in the front passenger seat if the car has an active airbag. Airbags can cause severe injury or death if deployed while a rear-facing car seat is in place. The safest position is always in the back seat.

D. "Pad the backrest of the car seat with a thick blanket before securing your infant." Additional padding should not be used, as it can interfere with the proper fit of the harness and compromise safety. Car seats are designed to provide adequate support and protection without extra cushioning.

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A nurse is providing teaching to the guardian of an infant who has heart failure. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

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