A nurse is providing teaching to the guardian of an infant who has heart failure. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Place the infant in a supine position.

Allow the infant to sleep through night feedings.

Minimize the infant's environmental stimuli.

Bathe the infant every day.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. "Place the infant in a supine position." Infants with heart failure often have difficulty breathing, so placing them in a semi-upright position (e.g., in a car seat or with the head elevated) can help with breathing and reduce cardiac workload.

B. "Allow the infant to sleep through night feedings." Infants with heart failure have increased metabolic demands and may fatigue easily during feedings. Small, frequent feedings (including nighttime feedings) are important to ensure adequate nutrition.

C. "Minimize the infant's environmental stimuli." Excessive stimulation can increase the infant’s metabolic and oxygen demands, worsening heart failure symptoms. Keeping the environment calm and quiet helps reduce stress on the heart.

D. "Bathe the infant every day." While hygiene is important, daily baths can be too exhausting for an infant with heart failure. Instead, bathing should be limited to as needed (e.g., sponge baths) to prevent excessive fatigue.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. "The obstruction will be treated with a medication called indomethacin." Indomethacin is used to close a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), not to treat coarctation of the aorta. Instead, prostaglandins may be used temporarily to keep the ductus arteriosus open and improve blood flow until surgery.
B. "Surgical repair is the recommended treatment for infants younger than 6 months old." Coarctation of the aorta does not resolve on its own and requires surgical intervention, typically within the first few months of life. Options include resection with end-to-end anastomosis or balloon angioplasty in some cases.
C. "The cardiologist will monitor your infant closely until they are able to receive treatment with a heart transplant." Heart transplant is not the standard treatment for coarctation of the aorta; surgery or catheter-based intervention is the preferred approach.
D. "Most cases resolve spontaneously without treatment by 12 months of age." Coarctation of the aorta does not resolve on its own. If left untreated, it can lead to heart failure, hypertension, and other complications.

A. "Share a bedroom with your infant for the first 6 months." B. "Place your infant on a soft crib mattress after they are 4 months old." C. "Cover your infant with a nonflammable blanket at bedtime." D. "Use bumper pads around the interior of your infant's crib."

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. "Share a bedroom with your infant for the first 6 months." The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends room-sharing (but not bed-sharing) for at least the first 6 months to reduce the risk of SUID/SIDS.
B. "Place your infant on a soft crib mattress after they are 4 months old." A firm mattress is always recommended, as soft bedding increases the risk of suffocation and SUID/SIDS.
C. "Cover your infant with a nonflammable blanket at bedtime." Blankets should not be used, as they pose a suffocation risk. Instead, parents should use a sleep sack or wearable blanket for warmth.
D. "Use bumper pads around the interior of your infant's crib." Bumper pads increase the risk of suffocation and entrapment and are not recommended for safe sleep.

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A nurse is providing teaching to the guardian of an infant who has heart failure. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

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