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A nurse is reinforcing education about the inheritance patterns of fragile X syndrome to a couple who have a family history of the disorder. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

“Fragile X syndrome follows an autosomal recessive pattern, so both genetic parents must carry the gene mutation for a child to be affected."

"Since your child has fragile X syndrome, all of your future sons will also have the condition, but your daughters will not be affected."

“Fragile X syndrome is inherited in a mitochondrial pattern which means it is passed from the pregnant individual to child through the mitochondrial DNA.”

“Fragile X syndrome is inherited in an X-linked dominant pattern, which means that if a pregnant client carries the gene mutation, each child has a 50% chance of Inheriting the condition."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. “Fragile X syndrome follows an autosomal recessive pattern, so both genetic parents must carry the gene mutation for a child to be affected.” Fragile X syndrome is not autosomal recessive; it is X-linked dominant, meaning it is associated with mutations in the FMR1 gene on the X chromosome. Only one copy of the mutated gene is needed to express the condition.

B. "Since your child has fragile X syndrome, all of your future sons will also have the condition, but your daughters will not be affected." This is incorrect because not all sons will necessarily inherit the condition, and daughters can also be affected, though they often have milder symptoms due to having two X chromosomes.

C. “Fragile X syndrome is inherited in a mitochondrial pattern which means it is passed from the pregnant individual to the child through mitochondrial DNA.” Mitochondrial inheritance involves genes from the mother’s mitochondria, but fragile X syndrome is not inherited this way—it is an X-linked disorder passed down through the X chromosome.

D. “Fragile X syndrome is inherited in an X-linked dominant pattern, which means that if a pregnant client carries the gene mutation, each child has a 50% chance of inheriting the condition.” This is correct. Fragile X syndrome is X-linked dominant, and a parent who carries the full mutation has a 50% chance of passing it to each child. Males typically have more severe symptoms than females due to having only one X chromosome.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","E"]

Explanation

A. Bullying. Children with chronic illnesses may be at higher risk of bullying due to visible symptoms, medical devices (e.g., insulin pumps, braces), or frequent absences. Bullying can negatively impact their self-esteem and emotional well-being.

B. Absenteeism. Chronic illnesses often require frequent medical appointments, hospitalizations, or rest periods, leading to increased school absences. This can affect academic performance and social integration.

C. Decreased intelligence quotient (IQ) score. While chronic illness can affect cognitive function in some cases (e.g., severe epilepsy, untreated hypothyroidism), most children with chronic illnesses do not inherently have lower IQ scores. Learning difficulties are more often linked to fatigue, medication side effects, or missed instruction time rather than a direct decrease in intelligence.

D. Behavioral issues toward other students. While some children may struggle with frustration or emotional distress due to their illness, chronic illness does not inherently cause aggressive behavior toward peers. However, emotional regulation difficulties may arise due to stress or anxiety related to their condition.

E. Mental health concerns. Anxiety, depression, and feelings of isolation are common among children with chronic illnesses. They may struggle with self-identity, fear of medical procedures, and social exclusion, increasing the risk of mental health disorders.

A. "Lack of supervision is a big risk factor for burns children." B. “Microwaved food should sit for 30 seconds before giving to the child." C. "Young children should be kept indoors at all times to prevent sunburns," D. "The water heater should be set at 130 degrees Fahrenheit or less."

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. "Lack of supervision is a big risk factor for burns in children." This is correct. Young children are naturally curious and have limited awareness of danger, making them more prone to thermal injuries. Inadequate supervision increases the risk of burns from hot liquids, open flames, electrical sources, and heated objects.

B. "Microwaved food should sit for 30 seconds before giving to the child." While allowing food to cool is helpful, 30 seconds may not be enough time to reduce the risk of burns. Additionally, caregivers should stir microwaved food thoroughly to distribute heat evenly and test the temperature before feeding the child.

C. "Young children should be kept indoors at all times to prevent sunburns." This is unrealistic and unnecessary. Instead, caregivers should use protective measures such as sunscreen, hats, protective clothing, and shade to prevent sunburn while allowing outdoor activities.

D. "The water heater should be set at 130 degrees Fahrenheit or less." This is incorrect. The recommended maximum water heater temperature is 120°F (49°C) to prevent scald burns. Water at 130°F can cause serious burns within seconds, making it too high for safety.

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A nurse is reinforcing education about the inheritance patterns of fragile X syndrome to a couple who have a family history of the disorder. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

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