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A nurse is reinforcing education about the inheritance patterns of fragile X syndrome to a couple who have a family history of the disorder. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

“Fragile X syndrome follows an autosomal recessive pattern, so both genetic parents must carry the gene mutation for a child to be affected."

"Since your child has fragile X syndrome, all of your future sons will also have the condition, but your daughters will not be affected."

“Fragile X syndrome is inherited in a mitochondrial pattern which means it is passed from the pregnant individual to child through the mitochondrial DNA.”

“Fragile X syndrome is inherited in an X-linked dominant pattern, which means that if a pregnant client carries the gene mutation, each child has a 50% chance of Inheriting the condition."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. “Fragile X syndrome follows an autosomal recessive pattern, so both genetic parents must carry the gene mutation for a child to be affected.” Fragile X syndrome is not autosomal recessive; it is X-linked dominant, meaning it is associated with mutations in the FMR1 gene on the X chromosome. Only one copy of the mutated gene is needed to express the condition.

B. "Since your child has fragile X syndrome, all of your future sons will also have the condition, but your daughters will not be affected." This is incorrect because not all sons will necessarily inherit the condition, and daughters can also be affected, though they often have milder symptoms due to having two X chromosomes.

C. “Fragile X syndrome is inherited in a mitochondrial pattern which means it is passed from the pregnant individual to the child through mitochondrial DNA.” Mitochondrial inheritance involves genes from the mother’s mitochondria, but fragile X syndrome is not inherited this way—it is an X-linked disorder passed down through the X chromosome.

D. “Fragile X syndrome is inherited in an X-linked dominant pattern, which means that if a pregnant client carries the gene mutation, each child has a 50% chance of inheriting the condition.” This is correct. Fragile X syndrome is X-linked dominant, and a parent who carries the full mutation has a 50% chance of passing it to each child. Males typically have more severe symptoms than females due to having only one X chromosome.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Recommending early intervention services for developmental support within the first month after birth. Early intervention is critical for children with Down syndrome to support cognitive, motor, and social development. Services such as physical therapy, speech therapy, and occupational therapy should begin as soon as possible to maximize the child's developmental potential.

B. Suggesting the parents consider genetic testing to guide future reproductive decisions. While genetic counseling can be beneficial for family planning, this is not the immediate priority for parents who are just beginning to care for their newborn with Down syndrome. The focus should be on supporting the child's development and parental education.

C. Encouraging the parents to research advancements in treatments for Down syndrome independently. While learning about Down syndrome is important, parents should receive guidance from healthcare professionals and support organizations rather than being left to navigate information on their own. Providing credible resources is more appropriate.

D. Providing the parents with a list of local pediatricians for well-child check-ups and vaccinations. While pediatric follow-ups are necessary, Down syndrome care goes beyond standard well-child visits. A more comprehensive approach includes early intervention services, specialty care (e.g., cardiology, ENT), and developmental support.

A. "My family should use separate serving utensils for gluten-free foods." B. "I can still enjoy oatmeal for breakfast.” C. “I need to avoid foods like bread, pasta, and cereal." D. "I need to check food labels for hidden sources of gluten, like barley and rye."

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. "My family should use separate serving utensils for gluten-free foods." Cross-contamination is a serious concern for individuals with celiac disease. Using separate utensils and cookware helps prevent exposure to gluten and reduces the risk of intestinal damage.

B. "I can still enjoy oatmeal for breakfast." Regular oats are often contaminated with gluten due to cross-contact with wheat, barley, or rye during processing. Only certified gluten-free oats are considered safe for individuals with celiac disease, but even then, some people may still react due to the protein avenin found in oats.

C. "I need to avoid foods like bread, pasta, and cereal." Many traditional bread, pasta, and cereals contain wheat, barley, or rye, which must be strictly avoided in a gluten-free diet.

D. "I need to check food labels for hidden sources of gluten, like barley and rye." Gluten can be found in processed foods, sauces, seasonings, and even medications. Reading labels carefully is essential for managing celiac disease.

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A nurse is reinforcing education about the inheritance patterns of fragile X syndrome to a couple who have a family history of the disorder. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reinforcing education to the parents of a newborn who has Down syndrome. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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