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A nurse is reinforcing education about the inheritance patterns of fragile X syndrome to a couple who have a family history of the disorder. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

“Fragile X syndrome follows an autosomal recessive pattern, so both genetic parents must carry the gene mutation for a child to be affected."

"Since your child has fragile X syndrome, all of your future sons will also have the condition, but your daughters will not be affected."

“Fragile X syndrome is inherited in a mitochondrial pattern which means it is passed from the pregnant individual to child through the mitochondrial DNA.”

“Fragile X syndrome is inherited in an X-linked dominant pattern, which means that if a pregnant client carries the gene mutation, each child has a 50% chance of Inheriting the condition."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. “Fragile X syndrome follows an autosomal recessive pattern, so both genetic parents must carry the gene mutation for a child to be affected.” Fragile X syndrome is not autosomal recessive; it is X-linked dominant, meaning it is associated with mutations in the FMR1 gene on the X chromosome. Only one copy of the mutated gene is needed to express the condition.

B. "Since your child has fragile X syndrome, all of your future sons will also have the condition, but your daughters will not be affected." This is incorrect because not all sons will necessarily inherit the condition, and daughters can also be affected, though they often have milder symptoms due to having two X chromosomes.

C. “Fragile X syndrome is inherited in a mitochondrial pattern which means it is passed from the pregnant individual to the child through mitochondrial DNA.” Mitochondrial inheritance involves genes from the mother’s mitochondria, but fragile X syndrome is not inherited this way—it is an X-linked disorder passed down through the X chromosome.

D. “Fragile X syndrome is inherited in an X-linked dominant pattern, which means that if a pregnant client carries the gene mutation, each child has a 50% chance of inheriting the condition.” This is correct. Fragile X syndrome is X-linked dominant, and a parent who carries the full mutation has a 50% chance of passing it to each child. Males typically have more severe symptoms than females due to having only one X chromosome.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Administering the insulin injection quickly to minimize discomfort. Administering an injection quickly may reduce discomfort, but it does not address the emotional and psychological aspects of atraumatic care. The goal is to minimize fear and distress, not just physical pain.

B. Explaining the procedure in simple terms to the client before administering the insulin. Providing a clear, age-appropriate explanation helps reduce anxiety and fosters trust between the child and the nurse. Understanding what to expect allows the child to feel a sense of control, which is a key principle of atraumatic care.

C. Asking the client to look away during the injection to reduce anxiety. While looking away may help some children, it does not promote understanding or involvement in their care. Instead, explaining the procedure allows the child to develop coping strategies and feel more secure.

D. Using a larger needle to ensure accurate insulin delivery. Insulin is administered using a small-gauge needle to minimize pain. A larger needle is unnecessary and could increase discomfort, contradicting the principles of atraumatic care.

A. Today's lesions B. Discomfort level C. History and physical D. Body temperature E. Appearance of skin

Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A,B"},"B":{"answers":"A"},"C":{"answers":"A,B"},"D":{"answers":"A"},"E":{"answers":"B"}}

Explanation

Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)

Discomfort level: Pain 3/10 (more likely due to itching than infection)
History of mosquito bites and prolonged scratching
No fever (Temperature 37°C/98.6°F)
Multiple scabs and lesions from scratching

Cellulitis

Redness, warmth, and swelling on the left lower leg
History of skin breakdown (scratching increases infection risk)
Lesions present (Possible infection due to prolonged scratching)

Rationale:

Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis):

Eczema is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that causes itching, dryness, and irritation, often triggered by allergens or skin trauma. The child’s history of mosquito bites and excessive scratching aligns with eczema, as scratching worsens skin irritation and can lead to scabbed lesions. The absence of fever and a mild pain level (3/10) suggest this is primarily an inflammatory response rather than an infection.

Cellulitis:

Cellulitis is a bacterial skin infection that develops when bacteria enter through a break in the skin, often causing redness, warmth, swelling, and pain. The redness, warmth, and swelling on the left lower leg indicate possible early cellulitis, likely caused by bacteria introduced through scratching. However, the absence of fever and only mild pain suggest it may not be a severe infection yet.

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A nurse is reinforcing education about the inheritance patterns of fragile X syndrome to a couple who have a family history of the disorder. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a 10-year-old client in a pediatric clinic. Exhibits For each potential provider's prescription, click to specify if the assessment findings are consistent with Eczema or Cellulitis. Each finding may support more than 1 disease process.

Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A,B"},"B":{"answers":"A"},"C":{"answers":"A,B"},"D":{"answers":"A"},"E":{"answers":"B"}}

Explanation

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