A nurse is reinforcing education about the inheritance patterns of fragile X syndrome to a couple who have a family history of the disorder. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?
“Fragile X syndrome follows an autosomal recessive pattern, so both genetic parents must carry the gene mutation for a child to be affected."
"Since your child has fragile X syndrome, all of your future sons will also have the condition, but your daughters will not be affected."
“Fragile X syndrome is inherited in a mitochondrial pattern which means it is passed from the pregnant individual to child through the mitochondrial DNA.”
“Fragile X syndrome is inherited in an X-linked dominant pattern, which means that if a pregnant client carries the gene mutation, each child has a 50% chance of Inheriting the condition."
The Correct Answer is D
A. “Fragile X syndrome follows an autosomal recessive pattern, so both genetic parents must carry the gene mutation for a child to be affected.” Fragile X syndrome is not autosomal recessive; it is X-linked dominant, meaning it is associated with mutations in the FMR1 gene on the X chromosome. Only one copy of the mutated gene is needed to express the condition.
B. "Since your child has fragile X syndrome, all of your future sons will also have the condition, but your daughters will not be affected." This is incorrect because not all sons will necessarily inherit the condition, and daughters can also be affected, though they often have milder symptoms due to having two X chromosomes.
C. “Fragile X syndrome is inherited in a mitochondrial pattern which means it is passed from the pregnant individual to the child through mitochondrial DNA.” Mitochondrial inheritance involves genes from the mother’s mitochondria, but fragile X syndrome is not inherited this way—it is an X-linked disorder passed down through the X chromosome.
D. “Fragile X syndrome is inherited in an X-linked dominant pattern, which means that if a pregnant client carries the gene mutation, each child has a 50% chance of inheriting the condition.” This is correct. Fragile X syndrome is X-linked dominant, and a parent who carries the full mutation has a 50% chance of passing it to each child. Males typically have more severe symptoms than females due to having only one X chromosome.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. "My family should use separate serving utensils for gluten-free foods." Cross-contamination is a serious concern for individuals with celiac disease. Using separate utensils and cookware helps prevent exposure to gluten and reduces the risk of intestinal damage.
B. "I can still enjoy oatmeal for breakfast." Regular oats are often contaminated with gluten due to cross-contact with wheat, barley, or rye during processing. Only certified gluten-free oats are considered safe for individuals with celiac disease, but even then, some people may still react due to the protein avenin found in oats.
C. "I need to avoid foods like bread, pasta, and cereal." Many traditional bread, pasta, and cereals contain wheat, barley, or rye, which must be strictly avoided in a gluten-free diet.
D. "I need to check food labels for hidden sources of gluten, like barley and rye." Gluten can be found in processed foods, sauces, seasonings, and even medications. Reading labels carefully is essential for managing celiac disease.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. "Diaper dermatitis is always associated with an infection." Diaper dermatitis is most commonly caused by prolonged exposure to moisture, urine, or feces, leading to skin irritation. While secondary infections (e.g., Candida albicans) can develop, not all cases are infectious.
B. "Diaper dermatitis requires immediate assessment by a medical provider." Most cases of diaper dermatitis can be managed at home with frequent diaper changes, barrier creams (such as zinc oxide), and keeping the area dry. Medical evaluation is only necessary if the rash worsens, does not improve, or shows signs of infection (e.g., pustules, severe redness, fever).
C. "Diaper dermatitis causes significant long-term impacts." Diaper dermatitis is temporary and does not cause long-term effects when properly treated. Severe, untreated cases may lead to discomfort and secondary infections, but lasting damage is rare.
D. "Diaper dermatitis will respond to prompt treatment." This is correct. Frequent diaper changes, exposure to air, and application of barrier creams typically resolve mild to moderate diaper dermatitis within a few days.
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