A nurse is assisting in the care of a 6-year-old client who has nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following adverse effects of corticosteroids should the nurse recognize as having the potential to impact the child's psychosocial development? (Select All that Apply.)

Weight gain

Irritability

Osteoporosis

Hypertension

Nausea

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B

A. Weight gain. Corticosteroids cause fluid retention and increased appetite, leading to significant weight gain. In a 6-year-old, this can affect self-esteem and social interactions, potentially leading to body image concerns and difficulty fitting in with peers.

B. Irritability. Mood changes, including irritability, anxiety, and mood swings, are common side effects of corticosteroids. These emotional changes can impact relationships with family and friends, affecting the child's psychosocial well-being.

C. Osteoporosis. While long-term corticosteroid use can lead to osteoporosis, it is primarily a physical concern rather than a psychosocial one. Bone health issues typically become more evident later in life rather than in early childhood.

D. Hypertension. Elevated blood pressure is a physiological side effect of corticosteroids but does not directly impact the child’s psychosocial development. It is more of a medical concern requiring monitoring rather than a factor affecting social interactions.

E. Nausea. Although nausea can cause discomfort, it does not have a significant impact on the child's psychosocial development compared to mood changes and body image issues caused by corticosteroid therapy.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. "Intussusception is a congenital condition where the layers of the intestinal wall do not form properly." Intussusception is not a congenital malformation but an acquired condition where one part of the intestine telescopes into another, causing obstruction and potential ischemia.

B. "Intussusception is a consequence of weakened abdominal muscles, allowing a portion of the intestine to bulge." This description is more characteristic of a hernia rather than intussusception, which involves the invagination of the intestine rather than a protrusion.

C. "Intussusception results from the twisting of the intestines, causing a blockage in the passage of food." Twisting of the intestines describes volvulus, a separate condition that can also cause bowel obstruction but occurs through a different mechanism than intussusception.

D. "Intussusception occurs when one segment of the intestine slides into another, which can cut off blood supply." This is the correct explanation. The telescoping of the intestine can cause bowel obstruction and compromise blood flow, leading to symptoms such as severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and the passage of red, currant jelly-like stools.

A. "Lack of supervision is a big risk factor for burns children." B. “Microwaved food should sit for 30 seconds before giving to the child." C. "Young children should be kept indoors at all times to prevent sunburns," D. "The water heater should be set at 130 degrees Fahrenheit or less."

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. "Lack of supervision is a big risk factor for burns in children." This is correct. Young children are naturally curious and have limited awareness of danger, making them more prone to thermal injuries. Inadequate supervision increases the risk of burns from hot liquids, open flames, electrical sources, and heated objects.

B. "Microwaved food should sit for 30 seconds before giving to the child." While allowing food to cool is helpful, 30 seconds may not be enough time to reduce the risk of burns. Additionally, caregivers should stir microwaved food thoroughly to distribute heat evenly and test the temperature before feeding the child.

C. "Young children should be kept indoors at all times to prevent sunburns." This is unrealistic and unnecessary. Instead, caregivers should use protective measures such as sunscreen, hats, protective clothing, and shade to prevent sunburn while allowing outdoor activities.

D. "The water heater should be set at 130 degrees Fahrenheit or less." This is incorrect. The recommended maximum water heater temperature is 120°F (49°C) to prevent scald burns. Water at 130°F can cause serious burns within seconds, making it too high for safety.

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A nurse is assisting in the care of a 6-year-old client who has nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following adverse effects of corticosteroids should the nurse recognize as having the potential to impact the child's psychosocial development? (Select All that Apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

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