A nurse is reinforcing nutrition teaching for a client who has chronic kidney disease about limiting foods high in potassium. Which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the client to avoid? (Select all that apply.)
Orange juice.
White rice.
Corn flakes cereal.
Watermelon.
Bananas.
Correct Answer : A,E
The correct answer is Choice A, Choice E
Choice A rationale: Orange juice contains approximately 496 mg of potassium per 8 oz serving, making it a high-potassium beverage. In chronic kidney disease, impaired renal excretion of potassium leads to accumulation and risk of hyperkalemia. Normal serum potassium levels range from 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L. Elevated levels can cause cardiac arrhythmias, muscle weakness, and paralysis. Avoiding potassium-rich fluids like orange juice is essential to prevent life-threatening complications in clients with reduced glomerular filtration rates.
Choice B rationale: White rice contains approximately 26 mg of potassium per 1 cup cooked, classifying it as a low-potassium food. It is safe for clients with chronic kidney disease and often recommended due to its minimal contribution to serum potassium levels. Unlike whole grains, white rice has reduced mineral content, including potassium and phosphorus. Maintaining serum potassium within the normal range of 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L is critical, and white rice does not pose a risk of hyperkalemia.
Choice C rationale: Corn flakes cereal contains approximately 30 to 40 mg of potassium per 1 cup serving, making it a low-potassium option suitable for renal diets. It lacks the bran and whole grain components that elevate potassium content in other cereals. In chronic kidney disease, dietary potassium restriction is necessary to prevent hyperkalemia. Corn flakes do not significantly affect serum potassium levels, which should remain between 3.5 and 5.0 mEq/L to avoid neuromuscular and cardiac disturbances.
Choice D rationale: Watermelon contains approximately 112 mg of potassium per 100 grams, which is considered low to moderate. While excessive intake could contribute to potassium load, typical servings do not pose a significant risk. In chronic kidney disease, potassium restriction targets foods exceeding 200 mg per serving. Watermelon’s potassium content is below this threshold, making it generally safe when consumed in moderation. Serum potassium should be maintained within 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L to prevent hyperkalemia.
Choice E rationale: Bananas contain approximately 422 mg of potassium per medium fruit, placing them among the highest potassium-containing fruits. In chronic kidney disease, potassium excretion is impaired, and consuming bananas can rapidly elevate serum potassium levels. Hyperkalemia increases the risk of ventricular arrhythmias and cardiac arrest. Dietary potassium restriction is essential to maintain levels within the safe range of 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L. Therefore, bananas should be avoided to prevent life-threatening electrolyte disturbances.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Small blood clots in the urinary catheter are common after TURP and usually resolve on their own. They are not typically a cause for immediate concern unless they persist or cause blockage.
Choice B rationale
A continuous urge to void is a common symptom after TURP due to irritation of the bladder and urethra. It is uncomfortable but not usually a priority concern.
Choice C rationale
Burning around the urinary catheter can occur due to irritation or infection. While it needs to be addressed, it is not the most critical finding.
Choice D rationale
Bright red urine in the urinary catheter indicates active bleeding, which can be a sign of a serious complication such as hemorrhage. This requires immediate attention to prevent further blood loss and potential shock.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Placing a sandbag to the lateral calf is not an effective method to prevent hip dislocation. Sandbags are typically used to provide support and immobilization in other contexts, such as stabilizing fractures. They do not provide the necessary support to prevent hip dislocation after a total hip arthroplasty.
Choice B rationale
Placing a wedge pillow between the legs is an effective method to prevent hip dislocation after a total hip arthroplasty. The wedge pillow helps to maintain proper alignment of the hip joint by keeping the legs abducted (apart) and preventing adduction (bringing the legs together), which can cause dislocation.
Choice C rationale
Placing a trochanter roll against the thigh is not specifically aimed at preventing hip dislocation. Trochanter rolls are used to prevent external rotation of the hip in patients who are immobile, but they do not provide the necessary support to prevent dislocation after hip surgery.
Choice D rationale
Placing a footboard on the bed is not an effective method to prevent hip dislocation. Footboards are used to provide support to the feet and prevent foot drop in bedridden patients, but they do not address the risk of hip dislocation.
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