A nurse is reinforcing teaching about anorexia with a client who has COPD. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

A. Acute hemolytic: An acute hemolytic reaction typically presents with symptoms like fever, chills, back pain, hypotension, and hematuria. It is caused by the recipient’s immune system attacking incompatible donor red blood cells, not primarily by urticaria and wheezing.

B. Anaphylactic: An anaphylactic reaction is a severe allergic response to blood transfusion and is characterized by symptoms such as urticaria (hives), wheezing, hypotension, and respiratory distress. It requires immediate intervention, including stopping the transfusion and administering emergency medications.

C. Febrile: A febrile reaction is usually marked by fever, chills, and headache during or shortly after a transfusion. It does not typically involve wheezing or significant allergic skin reactions like urticaria.

D. Circulatory overload: Circulatory overload occurs when too much fluid is administered too quickly, leading to symptoms like dyspnea, cough, and pulmonary edema. While it involves respiratory symptoms, it is not associated with urticaria or allergic reactions.

A. A client who requires sterile dressing changes every three hours: Sterile dressing changes require skilled nursing care and must be performed by a licensed nurse. An assistive personnel (AP) is not trained or authorized to perform sterile procedures, making this assignment inappropriate.

B. A client who has a small bowel obstruction and requires insertion of a nasogastric tube: Inserting a nasogastric tube is an invasive procedure that requires clinical judgment and proper technique, which are responsibilities of licensed nursing staff, not assistive personnel.

C. A client who is postoperative and requires intake and output measurement every 2 hr: Measuring and recording intake and output is within the scope of practice for assistive personnel. It is a routine, noninvasive task that does not require nursing assessment or judgment.

D. A client on hospice who is unstable and requires frequent vital sign checks: An unstable hospice client requires close monitoring and clinical assessment. Although assistive personnel can measure vital signs, evaluating changes and determining their significance must be done by licensed nursing staff.