A nurse is reinforcing teaching about self-management strategies with a client who has emphysema.
Which of the following client statements indicates that the client understands the instructions?

"I will drink about 34 ounces of fluid every day.”.

"I will inhale slowly through pursed lips to help me breathe better.”.

"I will follow a diet high in calories and protein.”.

"I will lie on my stomach to practice abdominal breathing every day.”. .

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

The correct answer is choice C: “I will follow a diet high in calories and protein.”

Here are the rationales for each choice:

Choice A rationale: “I will drink about 34 ounces of fluid every day.” While staying hydrated is important for overall health, this statement does not specifically address a key self-management strategy for emphysema. Adequate fluid intake can help thin mucus, making it easier to expel, but it is not the most critical aspect of managing emphysema.

Choice B rationale: “I will inhale slowly through pursed lips to help me breathe better.” This statement is incorrect because the correct technique is to exhale through pursed lips, not inhale. Pursed-lip breathing helps to keep the airways open longer, reduce shortness of breath, and improve the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Choice C rationale: “I will follow a diet high in calories and protein.” This is the correct answer. Emphysema can increase the body’s energy expenditure due to the effort required for breathing. A diet high in calories and protein helps maintain muscle mass and provides the necessary energy to support respiratory function.

Choice D rationale: “I will lie on my stomach to practice abdominal breathing every day.” This statement is not recommended for emphysema management. While abdominal or diaphragmatic breathing can be beneficial, lying on the stomach is not a typical position for practicing this technique. It is usually done while sitting or lying on the back.

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Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Dyspnea is a common finding in clients with emphysema. Emphysema is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) characterized by the destruction of the alveoli in the lungs, leading to difficulty breathing and shortness of breath. The loss of alveoli reduces the surface area for gas exchange, causing dyspnea.

Choice B rationale:

Bradycardia is not typically associated with emphysema. In fact, it is more common for clients with emphysema to have an increased heart rate (tachycardia) due to the body's compensatory response to low oxygen levels in the blood.

Choice C rationale:

Clubbing of the fingers is often seen in clients with chronic respiratory conditions like emphysema. It is a result of chronic hypoxia and is characterized by the abnormal rounding and thickening of the fingertips and nail beds.

Choice D rationale:

Barrel chest is a common physical finding in clients with emphysema. It is characterized by an increase in the anteroposterior diameter of the chest due to overinflation of the lungs. This change in chest shape is a result of chronic air trapping and hyperinflation, which are hallmarks of emphysema.

Choice E rationale:

Shallow respirations are expected in clients with emphysema. Due to the loss of alveolar elasticity and increased airway resistance, clients with emphysema tend to take shallow breaths, which are less effective for oxygen exchange.

A. Plan to have the client lay down for 1 hr after meals. B. Instruct the client to use pursed-lip breathing. C. Encourage the client to use the upper chest for respiration. D. Restrict the client's fluid intake to less than 1 Vday.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Planning to have the client lay down for 1 hour after meals is not an appropriate intervention for a client with COPD. It may increase the risk of aspiration and worsen their breathing difficulties.

Choice C rationale:

Encouraging the client to use the upper chest for respiration is not the best approach for a client with COPD. Pursed-lip breathing helps improve oxygen exchange and decreases air trapping, which is more effective in managing COPD.

Choice D rationale:

Restricting the client's fluid intake to less than 1 Vday is not a suitable intervention for a client with COPD. Dehydration can lead to thicker mucus, making it harder to breathe

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A nurse is reinforcing teaching about self-management strategies with a client who has emphysema. Which of the following client statements indicates that the client understands the instructions?

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A nurse is reinforcing teaching about self-management strategies with a client who has emphysema.
Which of the following client statements indicates that the client understands the instructions?