A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a newly hired nurse about anencephaly. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

"Anencephaly affects male fetuses more than female fetuses.”

"Cancer during pregnancy is a risk factor for anencephaly."

"These defects occur in the embryonic stage of pregnancy."

"Most newborns who have anencephaly survive 1 month."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. "Anencephaly affects male fetuses more than female fetuses." Anencephaly occurs more frequently in female fetuses than in males. Studies suggest a slightly higher prevalence in female infants, though the exact reason is unclear.

B. "Cancer during pregnancy is a risk factor for anencephaly." There is no known link between cancer during pregnancy and anencephaly. The primary risk factors include folic acid deficiency, maternal diabetes, and exposure to teratogens (e.g., certain medications, high temperatures, or environmental toxins).

C. "These defects occur in the embryonic stage of pregnancy." Anencephaly is a neural tube defect (NTD) that occurs during the embryonic stage, specifically between weeks 3 and 4 of gestation. During this period, the neural tube fails to close properly, leading to incomplete development of the brain and skull.

D. "Most newborns who have anencephaly survive 1 month." Anencephaly is almost always fatal, with most affected newborns dying within hours to days after birth. There is no cure, and long-term survival is extremely rare due to the severe brain malformation.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. "Adolescents may feel responsible for the illness." While younger children may engage in magical thinking and believe they caused their illness, adolescents typically have a more developed understanding of disease processes and are less likely to blame themselves.

B. "Adolescents may feel frustrated for being dependent on others." Adolescents value independence and autonomy, so a terminal illness that forces them to rely on caregivers can lead to frustration, anger, and emotional distress. This struggle with dependency is a common psychosocial challenge in adolescent patients.

C. "Children 3 to 5 years old are too young to understand the difference between life and death." Preschool-aged children may not fully grasp the permanence of death, but they do have some awareness of it. They often see death as temporary or reversible, influenced by their limited cognitive development and exposure to media or stories.

D. "Children around 5 or 6 years old may try to be brave and shield loved ones from distress." While school-aged children may begin to understand the finality of death, the tendency to "be brave" and protect loved ones is more common in older children and adolescents, who have a stronger sense of emotional responsibility.

A. Aspirin B. Corticosteroid cream C. Oral antihistamine D. Oral antibiotics

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Aspirin. Aspirin should never be given to a child with chickenpox due to the risk of Reye's syndrome, a rare but serious condition that can cause liver and brain damage when aspirin is used during viral infections.

B. Corticosteroid cream. While corticosteroids reduce inflammation, they are not recommended for chickenpox because they can suppress the immune response and potentially worsen the infection.

C. Oral antihistamine. Antihistamines such as diphenhydramine help relieve severe itching, which is a common symptom of chickenpox. Reducing itchiness can also help prevent scratching that may lead to skin infections and scarring.

D. Oral antibiotics. Chickenpox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus, so antibiotics are not needed unless a secondary bacterial infection (such as impetigo) develops from scratching the lesions.

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A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a newly hired nurse about anencephaly. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is B

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Correct Answer is C

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