A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a newly hired nurse about anencephaly. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

"Anencephaly affects male fetuses more than female fetuses.”

"Cancer during pregnancy is a risk factor for anencephaly."

"These defects occur in the embryonic stage of pregnancy."

"Most newborns who have anencephaly survive 1 month."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. "Anencephaly affects male fetuses more than female fetuses." Anencephaly occurs more frequently in female fetuses than in males. Studies suggest a slightly higher prevalence in female infants, though the exact reason is unclear.

B. "Cancer during pregnancy is a risk factor for anencephaly." There is no known link between cancer during pregnancy and anencephaly. The primary risk factors include folic acid deficiency, maternal diabetes, and exposure to teratogens (e.g., certain medications, high temperatures, or environmental toxins).

C. "These defects occur in the embryonic stage of pregnancy." Anencephaly is a neural tube defect (NTD) that occurs during the embryonic stage, specifically between weeks 3 and 4 of gestation. During this period, the neural tube fails to close properly, leading to incomplete development of the brain and skull.

D. "Most newborns who have anencephaly survive 1 month." Anencephaly is almost always fatal, with most affected newborns dying within hours to days after birth. There is no cure, and long-term survival is extremely rare due to the severe brain malformation.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. "Cognitive abilities in children with Down syndrome cannot be improved, so focusing on physical health is the only priority." While children with Down syndrome do experience cognitive impairments, early intervention programs such as speech, occupational, and physical therapy can enhance cognitive, motor, and social development, improving their overall functioning.

B. "Infants who have Down syndrome typically have significantly higher IQ scores compared to typically developing infants." Children with Down syndrome generally have mild to moderate intellectual disability, and their IQ scores tend to be lower than typically developing peers, not higher.

C. "Early intervention programs can mitigate cognitive impairments in infants who have Down syndrome." This is correct. Early stimulation, structured learning environments, and specialized therapies can help optimize the child's cognitive potential and improve adaptive skills.

D. "Cognitive abilities of infants who have Down syndrome are typically within the average range during the first year of life." Although some developmental milestones may appear similar in early infancy, delays in cognitive and motor development often become noticeable within the first year, distinguishing children with Down syndrome from their typically developing peers.

A. Presence of Dance sign B. Projectile vomiting C. Always seems full D. Excessive weight gain

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Presence of Dance sign. Dance sign (an empty right lower quadrant on palpation) is associated with intussusception, not pyloric stenosis. Pyloric stenosis is characterized by hypertrophy of the pyloric sphincter, leading to gastric outlet obstruction.

B. Projectile vomiting. Forceful, non-bilious projectile vomiting is the hallmark symptom of pyloric stenosis. It occurs due to the narrowing of the pyloric sphincter, preventing stomach contents from passing into the small intestine. Vomiting usually begins around 2 to 6 weeks of age and worsens over time.

C. Always seems full. Infants with pyloric stenosis actually experience hunger and irritability after vomiting because food is not reaching the intestines for digestion and absorption.

D. Excessive weight gain. Instead of gaining weight, infants with pyloric stenosis often experience weight loss or poor weight gain due to repeated vomiting and inadequate nutrient absorption.

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A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a newly hired nurse about anencephaly. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reinforcing teaching to the parents of a 2-month-old infant who has Down Syndrome. Which of the following statements addressing cognitive ability should the nurse reinforce?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a newborn who may have pyloric stenosis. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a newly hired nurse about how family members are affected by the terminal diagnosis of a child. Which of the following statements by the new nurse indicates an understanding of the teaching?

A nurse is reinforcing education to parents of an infant who has intussusception. Which of the following statements would the nurse provide to the parents?

A nurse is reinforcing teaching about the role of the immune system to a client who has psoriasis. Which of the following explains the immune system dysfunction associated with psoriasis?

A nurse is contributing to a plan of care for an 8-year-old child prescribed an anticonvulsant for pain. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse plan to make? (Select All that Apply.)

A nurse is reinforcing education for the parents of a client with hypothyroidism who has been prescribed levothyroxine (Synthroid). The nurse should reinforce the ongoing need for which of the following monitoring or screenings?

A nurse is preparing to administer a dexamethasone 1.5 mg/kg/day PO to divide equally every 6 hr to a preschool-age child who weighs 22 lb. Available is dexamethasone oral solution 1 mg/mL. How many mL should the nurse administer per dose?

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A nurse is assisting in the care of an infant diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot. The infant's caregiver asks the nurse to explain this diagnosis. Which of the following is an accurate statement about this condition?