A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has ovarian cancer and will receive chemotherapy through a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) line.
Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

Choice A rationale

Potassium supplementation is irrelevant in hypernatremia management unless hypokalemia coexists. Hypernatremia results from increased sodium or water deficit, requiring strategies to restore water balance. Administering potassium can lead to hyperkalemia if levels exceed the normal range of 3.5–5.0 mEq/L, worsening the client’s condition.

Choice B rationale

Sodium restriction prevents exacerbation of hypernatremia, aiding in reducing serum sodium levels. Management focuses on reducing sodium intake and gradual fluid replacement. Normal serum sodium levels range between 135–145 mEq/L, and dietary modification plays a key role in correction.

Choice C rationale

Fluid restriction is contraindicated, as it can worsen the water deficit that contributes to hypernatremia. Treatment aims to address free water deficit through oral or intravenous fluids, ensuring gradual correction to avoid complications like cerebral edema.

Choice D rationale

Laxatives are unnecessary in hypernatremia unless constipation is present. Instead, therapeutic efforts should focus on correcting the underlying imbalance. Misuse of laxatives can lead to dehydration, further increasing serum sodium levels.

Choice A rationale

Two servings of fruits and vegetables per day do not provide sufficient phytochemicals, fiber, and antioxidants necessary for effective cancer risk reduction. Current guidelines recommend five or more servings per day for optimal benefit in reducing cancer risk.

Choice B rationale

Red and processed meats contain nitrates and nitrites that can convert into carcinogenic compounds like nitrosamines during digestion. Limiting their intake reduces the exposure to these harmful compounds, thereby lowering the risk of certain cancers, such as colorectal cancer.

Choice C rationale

Whole-grain foods are rich in dietary fiber, which aids in the removal of carcinogens from the gastrointestinal tract. Limiting their intake contradicts guidelines that emphasize increasing whole-grain consumption for cancer prevention and overall health.

Choice D rationale

Fatty fish is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which have anti-inflammatory properties. However, eating it once per week does not provide sufficient quantities to significantly impact cancer prevention. The recommendation is to consume fatty fish multiple times per week for health benefits.