A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who needs to have a cholecystectomy due to gallstones. Which of the following is the best response from the nurse to explain what caused this problem?

The gallbladder became infected by a virus and needs to be removed.

The gallbladder has become inflamed due to the cholesterol in the gallstones,

The gallbladder has become blocked by a tumor and is no longer working.

The gallbladder has become inflamed due to a build-up of gallstones that are blocking the common bile duct.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. The gallbladder became infected by a virus and needs to be removed. Gallstones are not caused by viral infections; they typically develop from an imbalance in the substances that make up bile, such as cholesterol and bilirubin.

B. The gallbladder has become inflamed due to the cholesterol in the gallstones. Cholesterol is a common component of gallstones, and these stones can cause inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis), leading to the need for removal.

C. The gallbladder has become blocked by a tumor and is no longer working. Tumors can obstruct the gallbladder, but this is not the cause of gallstones or the primary reason for a cholecystectomy.

D. The gallbladder has become inflamed due to a build-up of gallstones that are blocking the common bile duct. This describes choledocholithiasis, a condition where gallstones block the common bile duct, but it is not the primary cause of gallbladder inflammation requiring a cholecystectomy.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Hypovolemia leading to decreased renal perfusion. Hypovolemia from dehydration and low blood pressure reduces blood flow to the kidneys, resulting in pre-renal AKI, characterized by elevated BUN and creatinine.

B. Acute tubular necrosis. Acute tubular necrosis may cause AKI but is often due to prolonged hypoperfusion, nephrotoxic drugs, or ischemia, not the immediate presentation seen here.

C. Urinary tract obstruction. A urinary tract obstruction leads to post-renal AKI, often with symptoms like flank pain or difficulty urinating, not dehydration and low blood pressure.

D. Chronic kidney disease. Chronic kidney disease is a long-term condition and would not cause the acute symptoms or sudden onset of AKI as seen in this patient.

A. I understand that CAD is caused by the build up of fat deposits in my arteries B. Only people with a family history of heart disease are at risk for CAD. C. CAD can be completely cured with a healthy diet and exercise. D. I should avoid all physical activity to prevent worsening my CAD.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. "I understand that CAD is caused by the buildup of fat deposits in my arteries." CAD is caused by the accumulation of plaque (cholesterol, fats, and other substances) within the coronary arteries, which restricts blood flow to the heart muscle.

B. "Only people with a family history of heart disease are at risk for CAD." Although a family history can increase risk, many other factors, like high blood pressure, smoking, high cholesterol, and lifestyle, contribute to CAD risk.

C. "CAD can be completely cured with a healthy diet and exercise." While lifestyle changes can significantly reduce the progression of CAD and improve symptoms, they do not cure the disease.

D. "I should avoid all physical activity to prevent worsening my CAD." Physical activity, when performed safely and under medical guidance, is beneficial for CAD management and can help improve cardiovascular health.

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A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who needs to have a cholecystectomy due to gallstones. Which of the following is the best response from the nurse to explain what caused this problem?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is teaching a patient about coronary artery disease (CAD). Which of the following statements made by the patient demonstrates understanding of the disease?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Consume small frequent meals throughout the day. Small, frequent meals reduce the volume of food entering the small intestine at one time, helping to prevent symptoms of dumping syndrome.

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client about risk factors for heart disease. Which of the following risk factors is modifiable? Select all that apply.

A patient with myasthenia gravis is admitted to the hospital with signs of a myasthenic crisis. Which of the following symptoms should the nurses expect to observe?

A. Consume small frequent meals throughout the day. Small, frequent meals reduce the volume of food entering the small intestine at one time, helping to prevent symptoms of dumping syndrome.

The nurse is caring for a patient with heart failure. Which of the following treatment goals should the nurse prioritize?

A nurse is caring for a client who develops a fat embolism after sustaining multiple fractures in a motor vehicle accident. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement first?