A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who needs to have a cholecystectomy due to gallstones. Which of the following is the best response from the nurse to explain what caused this problem?

The gallbladder became infected by a virus and needs to be removed.

The gallbladder has become inflamed due to the cholesterol in the gallstones,

The gallbladder has become blocked by a tumor and is no longer working.

The gallbladder has become inflamed due to a build-up of gallstones that are blocking the common bile duct.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. The gallbladder became infected by a virus and needs to be removed. Gallstones are not caused by viral infections; they typically develop from an imbalance in the substances that make up bile, such as cholesterol and bilirubin.

B. The gallbladder has become inflamed due to the cholesterol in the gallstones. Cholesterol is a common component of gallstones, and these stones can cause inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis), leading to the need for removal.

C. The gallbladder has become blocked by a tumor and is no longer working. Tumors can obstruct the gallbladder, but this is not the cause of gallstones or the primary reason for a cholecystectomy.

D. The gallbladder has become inflamed due to a build-up of gallstones that are blocking the common bile duct. This describes choledocholithiasis, a condition where gallstones block the common bile duct, but it is not the primary cause of gallbladder inflammation requiring a cholecystectomy.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. The glomerular filtration rate decreases because there is a reduction of blood flow to the kidneys. Reduced blood flow to the kidneys, or renal hypoperfusion, decreases the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) because less blood is being filtered through the kidneys. This can occur in conditions such as shock, severe dehydration, or heart failure, but it is not the primary mechanism in acute tubular necrosis (ATN).

B. The glomerular filtration rate decreases because there is injury to the renal tubular cells. In ATN, the injury to renal tubular cells impairs their function, leading to reduced reabsorption and filtration ability, which contributes to the decrease in GFR.

C. The glomerular filtration rate decreases because inflammatory cells invade the already damaged kidneys. While inflammation may be present, it is not the primary cause of decreased GFR in acute tubular necrosis; reduced blood flow and tubular cell injury are more direct causes.

D. The glomerular filtration rate decreases because there is obstruction leading to the filtration system backing up and eventually shutting the kidneys down. Obstruction is not typically a characteristic of acute tubular necrosis; ATN is usually caused by ischemic or toxic injury, not physical obstruction.

A. Stroke B. Migraine C. Hypoglycemia D. Transient ischemic Attack (TIA)

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Stroke: The sudden onset of one-sided weakness, numbness, difficulty speaking, and severe headache are classic symptoms of an acute stroke, where blood flow to part of the brain is interrupted, leading to neurological deficits.

B. Migraine: While migraines can cause headache and some neurological symptoms, they usually include visual disturbances, nausea, or photophobia rather than one-sided weakness and numbness.

C. Hypoglycemia: Hypoglycemia can cause confusion, weakness, and headache, but it typically lacks the focal neurological symptoms, like one-sided weakness and numbness.

D. Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): A TIA can cause similar symptoms, but the deficits are usually transient and resolve within 24 hours without lasting neurological damage. Persistent symptoms are more indicative of a stroke.

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A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who needs to have a cholecystectomy due to gallstones. Which of the following is the best response from the nurse to explain what caused this problem?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A 65-year-old patient presents to the emergency department with sudden numbness and weakness in the face, arm, and leg on one side of the body difficulty speaking, and severe headache with no known cause. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A patient with myasthenia gravis is admitted to the hospital with signs of a myasthenic crisis. Which of the following symptoms should the nurses expect to observe?

The nurse is caring for a patient with heart failure. Which of the following treatment goals should the nurse prioritize?

The nurse is providing discharge teaching to patient with infective endocarditis. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?

A patient who underwent gastric surgery is being educated on preventing dumping syndrome. Which of the following dietary recommendations should the nurse include in the teaching?

A. Consume small frequent meals throughout the day. Small, frequent meals reduce the volume of food entering the small intestine at one time, helping to prevent symptoms of dumping syndrome.

A patient is recovering from a myocardial infarction (MI). Which of the following complications should the nurse be most concerned about if the patient reports new-onset shortness of breath and irregular heartbeats?

A. Consume small frequent meals throughout the day. Small, frequent meals reduce the volume of food entering the small intestine at one time, helping to prevent symptoms of dumping syndrome.