A nurse is reviewing a client's CBC findings and discovers that the client's platelet count is 9,000/mm3. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following conditions?

Spontaneous bleeding

Infection

Oliguria

Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A.   Thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) predisposes the client to spontaneous bleeding. This can manifest as petechiae (small red or purple spots on the skin), purpura (larger areas of purple discoloration), mucosal bleeding (such as nosebleeds or bleeding gums), or internal bleeding (such as gastrointestinal or intracranial bleeding). Monitoring for signs of bleeding is essential to promptly intervene and prevent complications.
B.   While infections can occur in any client, a low platelet count does not directly predispose the client to infection. Thrombocytopenia primarily affects hemostasis rather than immune function.
C.   Oliguria refers to decreased urine output, typically less than 400 mL/day in adults. It is not directly related to thrombocytopenia but may occur in conditions affecting kidney function or fluid balance.
D.   Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes can indicate neurological conditions or electrolyte imbalances but are not associated with thrombocytopenia.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Diarrhea can lead to loss of bicarbonate from the body, resulting in metabolic acidosis. The loss of bicarbonate through gastrointestinal fluids causes an imbalance between acids and bases in the body.
B. Salicylates (such as aspirin) can cause metabolic acidosis by several mechanisms, including direct stimulation of the respiratory center in the brainstem (leading to hyperventilation and respiratory alkalosis initially) and later causing metabolic acidosis due to increased production of acids like lactic acid and ketoacids.
C. Vomiting can lead to loss of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid), which could initially lead to metabolic alkalosis due to loss of acid.
D. Thiazide diuretics can cause metabolic alkalosis rather than metabolic acidosis. They promote the loss of potassium and hydrogen ions (acid), leading to increased blood pH (alkalosis).

A. Potassium: 2.9 mEq/L (2.9 mm) B. Creatinine: 1.2 mg/dL (106.1 umol/L) C. Hemoglobin: 14.8 mg/dL (148 mmol/L) D. Sodium: 134 mEq/L (134 mmol/L)

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. A potassium level of 2.9 mEq/L is below the normal range (typically 3.5-5.0 mEq/L). Abnormal potassium levels can affect cardiac function, leading to arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats), especially if the potassium level drops further or if there is rapid fluctuation. This is a critical finding that requires immediate attention from the surgical team to assess the client's cardiac status and determine if potassium replacement is needed before proceeding with surgery.
B. Creatinine levels are used to assess kidney function. A creatinine level of 1.2 mg/dL is within the normal range (typically 0.6-1.2 mg/dL). While kidney function is important to evaluate before surgery, this result is not immediately concerning enough to require an urgent call to the surgical team.
C. Hemoglobin levels are assessed to evaluate oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. A hemoglobin level of 14.8 g/dL is within the normal range (typically 12-16 g/dL for women and 13-18 g/dL for men). This result indicates adequate oxygen-carrying capacity and does not require immediate communication with the surgical team.

D. Sodium levels are important for fluid balance and nerve function. A sodium level of 134 mEq/L is within the normal range (typically 135-145 mEq/L). While sodium levels should be monitored, this result is not critically abnormal and does not necessitate an urgent call to the surgical team.

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A nurse is reviewing a client's CBC findings and discovers that the client's platelet count is 9,000/mm3. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following conditions?

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