A nurse is reviewing the arterial blood gas (ABG) results for a patient diagnosed with progressive Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Which ABG results should the nurse expect for a patient with progressive COPD?

pH 7.55, PaCO2 30 mm Hg, PaO2 80 mm Hg, HCO3 24 mEq/L

pH 7.40, PaCO2 40 mm Hg, PaO2 94 mm Hg, HCO3 22 mEq/L

pH 7.30, PaCO2 60 mm Hg, PaO2 70 mm Hg, HCO3 30 mEq/L

pH 7.38, PaCO2 45 mm Hg, PaO2 88 mm Hg, HCO3 26 mEq/L .

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A rationale
A pH of 7.55, PaCO2 of 30 mm Hg, PaO2 of 80 mm Hg, and HCO3 of 24 mEq/L would indicate respiratory alkalosis, which is not typically associated with progressive COPD67.
Choice B rationale
A pH of 7.40, PaCO2 of 40 mm Hg, PaO2 of 94 mm Hg, and HCO3 of 22 mEq/L represent normal ABG values.
Choice C rationale
A pH of 7.30, PaCO2 of 60 mm Hg, PaO2 of 70 mm Hg, and HCO3 of 30 mEq/L are indicative of respiratory acidosis with metabolic compensation, which is commonly seen in patients with progressive COPD67.
Choice D rationale
A pH of 7.38, PaCO2 of 45 mm Hg, PaO2 of 88 mm Hg, and HCO3 of 26 mEq/L would indicate a slight respiratory acidosis, which is not typically associated with progressive COPD67.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Offering high-protein and high-carbohydrate foods frequently is an important intervention for a client who has acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)4. These nutrients can provide the energy needed for the increased metabolic demands of ARDS and support the healing process.
Choice B rationale
Administering low-flow oxygen continuously via nasal cannula is not typically the main treatment for ARDS5. ARDS is a severe condition that often requires high levels of supplemental oxygen delivered through methods that can provide higher concentrations of oxygen than a nasal cannula.
Choice C rationale
Encouraging oral intake of at least 3,000 mL of fluids per day is not a typical intervention for a client with ARDS4. While adequate hydration is important, too much fluid can worsen lung function in clients with ARDS4. Fluid management in ARDS is typically carefully controlled and may involve diuretics to remove excess fluid.
Choice D rationale
Repositioning and placing the client in a prone position is not a typical intervention for all clients with ARDS4. While some clients with severe ARDS may benefit from prone positioning, this is not a standard intervention for all clients with ARDS4.

A. Medication errors are adverse events. B. Errors of execution are usually intentional and occur because of time or resource constraints. C. As many as 90% of medication errors are preventable. D. Poorly coordinated care and nosocomial infections are examples of errors.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale
While medication errors are indeed considered adverse events, this statement does not fully capture the scope of patient safety and prevention of harm.
Choice B rationale
Errors of execution are usually unintentional, not intentional. They often occur due to system failures rather than time or resource constraints.
Choice C rationale
It is estimated that as many as 90% of medication errors are preventable. This highlights the importance of safety measures and protocols in healthcare settings to prevent harm to patients.
Choice D rationale
Poorly coordinated care and nosocomial infections are examples of errors, but they represent only a fraction of the potential safety issues in healthcare.

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A nurse is reviewing the arterial blood gas (ABG) results for a patient diagnosed with progressive Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Which ABG results should the nurse expect for a patient with progressive COPD?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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