A nurse is reviewing the chart of a client whose arterial blood gas finding reveal metabolic acidosis. The nurse should recognize that which of the following conditions in the client's history increases the risk of metabolic acidosis?

Diabetes mellitus

Myasthenia gravis

Asthma

Cancer

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Diabetes mellitus: Diabetes mellitus, particularly when poorly controlled, can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), which is a common cause of metabolic acidosis. In DKA, the body produces excessive acidic ketones due to a lack of insulin, leading to a decrease in blood pH and the development of metabolic acidosis.

B. Myasthenia gravis: Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular disorder characterized by muscle weakness, but it does not directly affect the body’s acid-base balance. It is not a condition that leads to metabolic acidosis.

C. Asthma: Asthma can cause respiratory acidosis if there is significant hypoventilation or airway obstruction, but it is not a cause of metabolic acidosis. Asthma mainly affects the respiratory system, leading to a potential for CO2 retention, not metabolic acidosis.

D. Cancer: While cancer can contribute to various metabolic disturbances, it is not a direct cause of metabolic acidosis unless there are complications such as kidney failure, severe infections, or tumor lysis syndrome. Diabetes mellitus is a more common and direct cause of metabolic acidosis

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. "Potatoes and avocados can be substituted for fruit.": Both potatoes and avocados are actually high in potassium, so they are not suitable substitutes for the client. This response could further exacerbate the risk for hyperkalemia.

B. "If you cook the fruit, the amount of potassium will be lower.": Boiling, can slightly reduce the potassium content. However, the reduction is not substantial enough to make high-potassium fruits completely safe for someone with severe hyperkalemia,

C. "Berries, cherries, apples, and peaches are low in potassium.": Berries, cherries, apples, and peaches are indeed lower in potassium compared to many other fruits, making them a suitable option for a client at risk for hyperkalemia.

D. "You are correct. Fruit is very high in potassium.": While some fruits are high in potassium, not all fruits are, and some are low in potassium. This statement would be misleading and may unnecessarily discourage the client from eating fruit.

A. Never give KCL intramuscularly (IM) or as an IV bolus B. Always dilute potassium chloride in a large amount of IV solution C. Never administer more than 40 mEq/L of IV potassium chloride (KCL) per hour D. Monitor the IV site frequently for early signs of infiltration, as potassium is caustic to the tissues.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

A. Never give KCI intramuscularly (IM) or as an IV bolus: Potassium chloride (KCl) should never be administered via IM injection or as an IV bolus. Both methods can cause severe irritation, tissue necrosis, and cardiac complications. Potassium should be given slowly and diluted to prevent these risks.

B. Always dilute potassium chloride in a large amount of IV solution: Potassium chloride must always be diluted when administered IV to prevent vein irritation and reduce the risk of hyperkalemia. It should be given in a large volume of fluid to ensure safe, slow infusion.

C. Never administer more than 40 mEq/L of IV potassium chloride (KCl) per hour: While the general recommendation is to limit the infusion rate to 10-20 mEq/hour for most patients, in certain situations, doses higher than 40 mEq/L per hour might be prescribed under close monitoring depending on the specific clinical situation.

D. Monitor the IV site frequently for early signs of infiltration, as potassium is caustic to the tissues: Potassium chloride is irritating to veins and tissues. If the IV infiltrates (leaks into the surrounding tissue), it can cause significant tissue damage, so frequent monitoring of the IV site is essential.

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A nurse is reviewing the chart of a client whose arterial blood gas finding reveal metabolic acidosis. The nurse should recognize that which of the following conditions in the client's history increases the risk of metabolic acidosis?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client at risk for developing hyperkalemia states, "I love fruit and usually eat it every day, but now I can't because of my high potassium level." How should the nurse respond?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

When administering potassium chloride, which of following safety precautions must be observed? (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

The regulatory system of acid-base balance takes the longest time to respond, and regulates pH of extracellular (ECF) by eliminating hydrogen ions or bicarbonate in body fluids.

A client experiencing respiratory acidosis as a result of COPD is likely to present with which of the following clinical signs? (Select all that apply)

A nurse is caring for a client with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and documents that the client is experiencing Kussmaul's respirations. Based on this documentation, which of the following did the nurse most likely observe?

The K laboratory report shows a level of 5.2 mEq/L (Normal 3.5-5.0 mEq/L). What is the most important assessment for the nurse to make?

A nurse is caring for four clients who have drainage tubes. The nurse should identify the client who has which of the following tubes as being at risk for hypokalemia?

The health care provider asks the nurse to monitor the fluid volume status of a heart failure patient and a patient at risk for clinical dehydration. Which is the most effective nursing intervention for monitoring both of these patients?

A nursing intervention for Hyperkalemia is?

Which client will the nurse observe frequently for indications of hyperkalemia?