Which client will the nurse observe frequently for indications of hyperkalemia?
Client receiving total parenteral nutrition
Client taking furosemide for chronic heart failure
Client admitted for diabetic ketoacidosis
Client with anxiety-induced hyperventilation
The Correct Answer is C
A. Client receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN): TPN is typically formulated with electrolytes, including potassium, but it does not inherently increase the risk of hyperkalemia unless there is an issue with kidney function or an excessive amount of potassium in the formula.
B. Client taking furosemide for chronic heart failure: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that causes the body to excrete potassium through urine, which actually puts the client at risk for hypokalemia, not hyperkalemia.
C. Client admitted for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA): In DKA, the body produces excess acidic ketones, leading to metabolic acidosis. As a compensatory mechanism, potassium is shifted from the inside of cells into the bloodstream, leading to hyperkalemia, despite actual total body potassium depletion.
D. Client with anxiety-induced hyperventilation: Hyperventilation typically leads to respiratory alkalosis, which may cause a shift in potassium levels but does not directly cause hyperkalemia. Anxiety-induced hyperventilation is less likely to result in hyperkalemia compared to DKA.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Elevated serum calcium and potassium levels: Hypomagnesemia typically causes decreased calcium levels, not elevated. Additionally, while magnesium helps maintain potassium levels, hypomagnesemia can lead to a drop in potassium, not an elevation.
B. Decreased serum calcium and potassium levels: Hypomagnesemia often leads to low calcium levels due to decreased parathyroid hormone secretion and can cause hypokalemia due to impaired potassium uptake in the kidneys.
C. Impaired acid-base balance: Hypomagnesemia itself does not cause significant acid-base imbalance. It’s more likely to cause electrolyte disturbances especially calcium and potassium, which can lead to arrhythmias, acid-base imbalance is not the primary concern.
D. Bradycardia and cardiac dysrhythmias: While hypomagnesemia can indeed cause cardiac dysrhythmias, a common manifestation is tachycardia rapid heart rate and certain types of arrhythmias like Torsades de Pointes, rather than bradycardia.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Osmosis: Osmosis is the process of moving water across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of lower particle concentration (lower solute concentration) to an area of higher particle concentration (higher solute concentration). This is a passive process and doesn’t require energy.
B. Filtration: Filtration is the process by which fluid and solutes are forced through a membrane by hydrostatic pressure, from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure.
C. Diffusion: Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, not specifically involving water or particle concentration differences.
D. Active transport: Active transport requires energy to move particles against a concentration gradient (from lower to higher concentration). This process differs from osmosis, which is a passive process.
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