A client with chronic renal failure is experiencing periorbital edema and swelling of the ankles and feet. Which complication should the nurse suspect based on these clinical manifestations?
Proteinuria
Hypokalemia
Hypernatremia
Fluid overload
The Correct Answer is D
A. Incorrect. Proteinuria, or the presence of excessive protein in the urine, may be a symptom of kidney dysfunction, but it is not directly related to periorbital edema and swelling of the ankles and feet.
B. Incorrect. Hypokalemia, or low potassium levels, may cause muscle weakness and other symptoms but is not associated with the specific edema described.
C. Incorrect. Hypernatremia, or high sodium levels, may lead to symptoms such as thirst and confusion but does not typically cause peripheral edema.
D. Correct. Periorbital edema (swelling around the eyes) and edema in the ankles and feet are classic signs of fluid overload in chronic renal failure. The impaired kidney function in chronic renal failure leads to the retention of fluid and sodium in the body, resulting in edema.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Incorrect. Being physically active and maintaining a healthy weight can actually reduce the risk of chronic renal failure, as it helps to control blood pressure and blood sugar levels, which are risk factors for kidney disease.
B. Incorrect. Having a family history of kidney disease can increase the risk of chronic renal failure, as genetics can play a role in the development of kidney problems.
C. Incorrect. Consuming a high-sodium diet can actually be harmful to the kidneys, as it can lead to hypertension and contribute to kidney damage.
D. Correct. Conditions such as hypertension and diabetes are well-established risk factors for chronic renal failure. These conditions can cause damage to the blood vessels and filtering units of the kidneys over time, leading to kidney dysfunction.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Correct. ACE inhibitors are commonly prescribed to manage hypertension and fluid overload in clients with chronic renal failure. These medications help relax blood vessels, reduce fluid retention, and lower blood pressure.
B. Incorrect. Phosphate binders are prescribed to control phosphate levels, but they do not directly address fluid overload and hypertension.
C. Incorrect. Erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESA. are used to manage anemia in chronic renal failure and do not specifically address hypertension or fluid overload.
D. Incorrect. Potassium-sparing diuretics may not be the first for managing fluid overload and hypertension in chronic renal failure, especially if the client has elevated potassium levels. ACE inhibitors are a more suitable option in this scenario.
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