A nurse is reviewing the health histories of a group of clients. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indication that a client is at an increased risk for urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
Asthma
Diabetes mellitus
Pernicious anemia
Osteoporosis
The Correct Answer is B
A. Asthma: Asthma affects the respiratory system and does not have a direct link to urinary tract infections. It does not alter urinary tract anatomy or immune defenses specific to the urinary system.
B. Diabetes mellitus: Clients with diabetes are at increased risk for UTIs due to immune suppression, glucosuria that promotes bacterial growth, and possible bladder dysfunction (e.g., urinary retention) from diabetic neuropathy. Poor glycemic control further raises infection susceptibility.
C. Pernicious anemia: This condition is related to vitamin B12 deficiency and affects red blood cell production and neurological function, but it does not specifically predispose clients to UTIs.
D. Osteoporosis: Osteoporosis involves reduced bone density and is not associated with urinary tract infections. It does not impact the urinary or immune systems directly.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Instruct the client to lift no more than 6.8 kg (15 lb) when at home: While it is important to avoid heavy lifting after a lumbar laminectomy, specific weight limits should be prescribed by the provider or physical therapist. Also, this instruction is more appropriate for discharge teaching, not immediate postoperative care.
B. Turn the client by log rolling with a turning sheet: Log rolling maintains spinal alignment and minimizes twisting of the spine, which is critical after spinal surgery. It prevents stress on the operative site and reduces the risk of complications such as spinal cord or nerve injury.
C. Inform the client to shower on the second postoperative day: Showering is usually permitted after surgical wounds have started to seal, but the exact timing depends on the surgeon's orders and the condition of the incision. Automatic showering on day two may not be safe for all clients.
D. Remove sterile adhesive strips before discharge: Sterile adhesive strips (such as Steri-Strips) are typically left in place until they fall off naturally or are removed by a healthcare provider at a follow-up visit. Removing them prematurely can increase infection risk or disrupt healing.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Prominent P waves: Hyperkalemia typically causes a decrease in P wave amplitude and can eventually lead to their disappearance, rather than making them more prominent. Prominent P waves are not characteristic of elevated potassium levels.
B. Narrowed QRS complexes: Hyperkalemia often leads to a widening, not narrowing, of the QRS complex as potassium levels rise. A narrowed QRS complex is not a hallmark finding in clients with elevated potassium.
C. Shortened PR intervals: Hyperkalemia is more commonly associated with prolonged PR intervals. A shortened PR interval is not typically seen in potassium imbalance and would be more relevant in other conduction abnormalities.
D. Peaked T waves: Tall, peaked T waves are the classic early ECG finding in hyperkalemia. They result from increased potassium altering myocardial repolarization and are often the first electrocardiographic sign of elevated serum potassium.
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