A nurse is reviewing the laboratory report of an older adult client who has primary aldosteronism and reports needing to urinate three to four times during the night. Which of the following electrolyte imbalances should the nurse expect?

Decreased magnesium level

Decreased total calcium level

Elevated phosphate level

Elevated sodium level

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A) Decreased magnesium level: Primary aldosteronism typically affects sodium and potassium balance, but it is less likely to cause significant changes in magnesium levels. Therefore, a decreased magnesium level is not the expected electrolyte imbalance in this condition.

B) Decreased total calcium level: Primary aldosteronism does not primarily affect calcium metabolism. While calcium levels could be influenced indirectly, they are not a primary concern in this disorder. Hence, a decreased total calcium level is not expected.

C) Elevated phosphate level: Phosphate levels are generally not directly influenced by aldosterone. Elevated phosphate levels might be seen in other conditions, but they are not characteristic of primary aldosteronism.

D) Elevated sodium level: Primary aldosteronism leads to excess production of aldosterone, which promotes sodium retention by the kidneys. This retention causes elevated sodium levels, resulting in hypernatremia, and contributes to symptoms like frequent urination due to the body's attempt to excrete excess sodium through increased urine production.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A) Protective environment
This type of isolation is used for clients with weakened immune systems to protect them from infections. It is not necessary for pertussis, which requires droplet precautions to prevent spread.

B) Airborne precautions
These are used for diseases that are spread through tiny droplets that remain in the air, such as tuberculosis. Pertussis spreads through larger respiratory droplets, not lingering in the air, so airborne precautions are not needed.

C) Contact precautions
These are used for infections spread by direct touch or contact with surfaces. Pertussis primarily spreads through respiratory droplets rather than direct contact, making contact precautions unnecessary.

D) Droplet precautions
Droplet precautions are appropriate for pertussis, as it spreads via respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. This involves wearing masks and maintaining distance to prevent transmission.

A. Ask the client how she feels about her understanding of diabetes. B. Ask the client how often she reads food labels. C. Ask the client to explain what she read from a brief handout about diabetes management. D. Ask the client when she last had her HbA1c checked.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A) Asking the client how she feels about her understanding of diabetes can provide some insight into her confidence and perceived knowledge. However, it does not objectively measure her actual understanding or ability to apply diabetes management information.

B) Asking the client how often she reads food labels assesses a specific behavior related to diabetes management but does not fully evaluate the client's overall health literacy. The frequency of reading food labels may indicate some level of engagement, but it does not necessarily reflect comprehensive understanding or effective diabetes self-management.

C) Requesting the client to explain what she read from a brief handout about diabetes management provides a direct assessment of her comprehension and retention of diabetes management information. This approach effectively measures her ability to understand and apply critical health information, which is a core component of health literacy.

D) Inquiring about the timing of her last HbA1c test assesses adherence to diabetes monitoring but does not gauge the client's understanding of diabetes management. While important, this question does not provide a clear picture of her health literacy or ability to manage her condition effectively.

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A nurse is reviewing the laboratory report of an older adult client who has primary aldosteronism and reports needing to urinate three to four times during the night. Which of the following electrolyte imbalances should the nurse expect?

Nursing Test Bank

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