A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a school-age child who has glomerulonephritis. Which of the following laboratory findings should the nurse expect?
Mild hematuria
Absent urine protein
Decreased blood potassium
Hyponatremia
The Correct Answer is D
A. Mild hematuria: In glomerulonephritis, hematuria is typically significant, often producing cola- or tea-colored urine. Mild hematuria alone would not reflect the degree of renal involvement usually seen with this condition.
B. Absent urine protein: Proteinuria is a common finding in glomerulonephritis due to increased permeability of the glomerular membrane. Absence of protein in the urine would not be expected.
C. Decreased blood potassium: Potassium levels usually remain normal or may increase if renal function becomes impaired. Hypokalemia is not a common laboratory finding in glomerulonephritis.
D. Hyponatremia: Children with glomerulonephritis often experience fluid retention and dilutional hyponatremia. The kidneys’ impaired ability to filter and excrete fluid contributes to low serum sodium levels.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Reschedule the procedure until the client's guardian provides written consent: In most states, adolescents have the legal right to consent to reproductive health services, including contraception. Guardian consent is not required for IUD insertion.
B. Call the adolescent's guardian to obtain verbal consent prior to the procedure: Involving a guardian without the adolescent’s permission breaches confidentiality. Reproductive health decisions are protected for adolescents, and verbal consent from a guardian is unnecessary.
C. Encourage the adolescent to wait to ask questions about the device until after its insertion: It is essential for the adolescent to receive complete education and have all questions answered before the procedure. Informed consent cannot be obtained after the procedure has already been done.
D. Witness the adolescent's signature on the consent form: Adolescents can legally provide consent for contraception. The nurse’s role is to witness the signature, ensuring the adolescent understands the procedure and that the consent is voluntary.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Indicate on a stuffed animal where the procedure will be performed: This approach is more appropriate for preschool-aged children, who learn best through play and concrete objects. School-age children benefit more from factual, age-appropriate explanations.
B. Use simple diagrams to explain the procedure: School-age children can understand basic anatomy and processes. Simple diagrams provide visual reinforcement, reduce anxiety, and help the child grasp what will happen during surgery.
C. Discuss the benefits of the procedure: While explaining benefits is important, focusing only on outcomes without addressing the child’s need for concrete understanding may not fully reduce preoperative anxiety.
D. Provide teaching immediately before the procedure: Teaching should occur in advance to give the child time to process the information, ask questions, and mentally prepare. Immediate pre-op teaching is too rushed for effective learning.
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