A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a school-age child who has glomerulonephritis. Which of the following laboratory findings should the nurse expect?
Mild hematuria
Absent urine protein
Decreased blood potassium
Hyponatremia
The Correct Answer is D
A. Mild hematuria: In glomerulonephritis, hematuria is typically significant, often producing cola- or tea-colored urine. Mild hematuria alone would not reflect the degree of renal involvement usually seen with this condition.
B. Absent urine protein: Proteinuria is a common finding in glomerulonephritis due to increased permeability of the glomerular membrane. Absence of protein in the urine would not be expected.
C. Decreased blood potassium: Potassium levels usually remain normal or may increase if renal function becomes impaired. Hypokalemia is not a common laboratory finding in glomerulonephritis.
D. Hyponatremia: Children with glomerulonephritis often experience fluid retention and dilutional hyponatremia. The kidneys’ impaired ability to filter and excrete fluid contributes to low serum sodium levels.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Take the child's temperature every 10 min after administering acetaminophen: Monitoring the temperature this frequently is unnecessary and can cause anxiety for both the child and parent. Temperatures should be reassessed every few hours to evaluate medication effectiveness.
B. Wake the child every 4 hr during the night to drink 118.3 mL (4 oz) of apple juice: Rest is crucial for recovery, and children should not be routinely awakened at night for fluids unless directed by a provider. Adequate hydration should be encouraged during waking hours instead.
C. Apply a light blanket if the child begins to shiver: Shivering increases metabolic demand and body temperature. Covering the child lightly during chills helps reduce discomfort without causing overheating, making this an appropriate home care measure.
D. Place ice packs on the child's armpits and groin: Using ice packs can cause vasoconstriction and discomfort without effectively reducing fever. Safer methods include ensuring comfort with lightweight clothing, hydration, and antipyretics as prescribed.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Administer oral rehydration solution after each diarrheal stool: Oral rehydration solutions replace fluid and electrolytes lost during diarrhea and are the recommended treatment for children. Giving small, frequent amounts after each stool helps prevent dehydration.
B. Encourage intake of carbonated beverages diluted with water: Carbonated drinks, even when diluted, are high in sugar and can worsen diarrhea by drawing more fluid into the intestines. They also lack the necessary electrolyte balance for proper rehydration.
C. Provide the child with a bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast (BRAT) diet: The BRAT diet is no longer recommended for managing diarrhea in children because it is low in protein, fat, and essential nutrients. A normal diet with rehydration is more effective for recovery.
D. Provide chicken or beef broth until the diarrhea subsides: Broths are high in sodium but lack adequate carbohydrate and potassium replacement. They do not provide balanced rehydration and may contribute to electrolyte imbalances if used alone.
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