A nurse is reinforcing the provider's explanation about treatment options to the parents of a 1-month-old who has coarctation of the aorta. Which of the following statements should the nurse include?
"The obstruction will be treated with a medication called indomethacin."
"Surgical repair is the recommended treatment for infants younger than 6 months old."
"The cardiologist will monitor your infant closely until they are able to receive treatment with a heart transplant."
"Most cases resolve spontaneously without treatment by 12 months of age."
The Correct Answer is B
A. "The obstruction will be treated with a medication called indomethacin." Indomethacin is used to close a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), not to treat coarctation of the aorta. Instead, prostaglandins may be used temporarily to keep the ductus arteriosus open and improve blood flow until surgery.
B. "Surgical repair is the recommended treatment for infants younger than 6 months old." Coarctation of the aorta does not resolve on its own and requires surgical intervention, typically within the first few months of life. Options include resection with end-to-end anastomosis or balloon angioplasty in some cases.
C. "The cardiologist will monitor your infant closely until they are able to receive treatment with a heart transplant." Heart transplant is not the standard treatment for coarctation of the aorta; surgery or catheter-based intervention is the preferred approach.
D. "Most cases resolve spontaneously without treatment by 12 months of age." Coarctation of the aorta does not resolve on its own. If left untreated, it can lead to heart failure, hypertension, and other complications.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Lymphadenopathy. While some viral infections cause lymph node swelling, lymphadenopathy is not a hallmark sign of rubeola (measles).
B. Steatorrhea. Steatorrhea (fatty stools) is associated with conditions like cystic fibrosis and celiac disease, not rubeola.
C. Koplik spots. Koplik spots are small, white lesions with a red base found on the buccal mucosa, and they are a classic early sign of measles (rubeola).
D. Paroxysmal coughing. Paroxysmal coughing is characteristic of pertussis (whooping cough), not rubeola.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. "Offer your child foods that are low in calories." Children with cystic fibrosis (CF) require a high-calorie diet because their bodies have difficulty absorbing nutrients due to pancreatic insufficiency.
B. "Offer your child foods that are high in fat." A high-fat diet (35%-40% of total calories from fat) is recommended because fat malabsorption is common in CF, and they need additional fat to meet their energy needs.
C. "Offer your child foods that are high in vitamin C." While vitamin C is important, fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) are the primary concern since CF patients struggle to absorb them.
D. "Offer your child foods that are low in protein." Children with CF require adequate protein intake to support growth and maintain muscle mass, so protein restriction is not recommended.
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