A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a school-age child who has glomerulonephritis. Which of the following laboratory findings should the nurse expect?
Mild hematuria
Hyponatremia
Absent urine protein
Decreased blood potassium
The Correct Answer is A
A. Mild hematuria. One of the hallmark signs of glomerulonephritis is hematuria (presence of blood in the urine). Mild hematuria is common and is often associated with glomerular injury, which allows red blood cells to pass through the glomerular filtration barrier.
B. Hyponatremia. Hyponatremia (low sodium levels) is not typically associated with glomerulonephritis. However, in severe cases of kidney dysfunction, fluid retention can lead to dilutional hyponatremia, but it is not a primary finding in glomerulonephritis.
C. Absent urine protein. Proteinuria (presence of protein in the urine) is a common finding in glomerulonephritis due to damage to the glomerular filtration barrier. It is typically present, though the amount may vary.
D. Decreased blood potassium. Hyperkalemia (increased potassium levels) is more commonly seen in acute kidney injury and glomerulonephritis due to decreased kidney function. Decreased potassium levels are not typical in this condition.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. "Monitor blood pressure every 4 hr." Acute glomerulonephritis can cause hypertension due to fluid retention and impaired kidney function. Regular monitoring is essential to detect and manage hypertension early.
B. "Increase fluid consumption." Fluid intake is often restricted to prevent fluid overload, especially if there is hypertension, edema, or decreased urine output.
C. "Implement a protein-restricted diet." A protein-restricted diet is not necessary unless the child has severe renal impairment. In most cases, moderate protein intake is recommended.
D. "Collect and strain all urine for sediment." While hematuria (blood in urine) is common in acute glomerulonephritis, straining urine for sediment is not a standard intervention for this condition.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. "Monitor for constipation." Constipation is not a common adverse effect of gentamicin. More concerning side effects include nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.
B. "Maintain strict I&O." Gentamicin can cause nephrotoxicity, so it is essential to monitor intake and output (I&O) closely to assess kidney function and detect early signs of renal impairment.
C. "Initiate airborne precautions." Gentamicin is an antibiotic and does not require airborne precautions. Airborne precautions are used for infections like tuberculosis, measles, and varicella.
D. "Encourage bed rest." Gentamicin does not require bed rest. However, if the child experiences dizziness due to ototoxicity (another adverse effect), activity may need to be limited.
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