A nurse is caring for a 6-month-old infant who has a subdural hematoma. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Pinpoint pupils
Sunken anterior fontanel
Hypertonia
Vomiting
The Correct Answer is D
A. "Pinpoint pupils." A subdural hematoma typically causes unequal or dilated pupils due to increased intracranial pressure (ICP), rather than pinpoint pupils, which are more commonly associated with opioid toxicity or pontine damage.
B. "Sunken anterior fontanel." A sunken fontanel is a sign of dehydration. In cases of increased ICP, as seen with a subdural hematoma, the anterior fontanel is more likely to be bulging.
C. "Hypertonia." Neurological changes can occur, but hypotonia (decreased muscle tone) is more common in infants with increased ICP rather than hypertonia (increased muscle tone).
D. "Vomiting." Vomiting is a classic sign of increased ICP in infants, which occurs due to the pressure on the brainstem. Other symptoms may include irritability, a bulging fontanel, seizures, and lethargy.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. "You will need to give your child a course of corticosteroids." Corticosteroids are not used to treat scabies. Treatment involves topical permethrin cream or oral ivermectin, not steroids.
B. "Your entire home will need to be thoroughly cleaned." While cleaning bedding, clothing, and personal items is important, a full deep-cleaning of the home is not necessary because mites do not survive long away from human skin.
C. "Any person who has been in close contact with the child needs treatment." Scabies is highly contagious, and all household members and close contacts should be treated simultaneously to prevent reinfestation.
D. "Place your nonwashable items in sealed plastic bags for up to 5 days." Scabies mites can survive off the body for up to 3 days, so items should be bagged for at least 3 days, not 5.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. "Share a bedroom with your infant for the first 6 months." The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends room-sharing (but not bed-sharing) for at least the first 6 months to reduce the risk of SUID/SIDS.
B. "Place your infant on a soft crib mattress after they are 4 months old." A firm mattress is always recommended, as soft bedding increases the risk of suffocation and SUID/SIDS.
C. "Cover your infant with a nonflammable blanket at bedtime." Blankets should not be used, as they pose a suffocation risk. Instead, parents should use a sleep sack or wearable blanket for warmth.
D. "Use bumper pads around the interior of your infant's crib." Bumper pads increase the risk of suffocation and entrapment and are not recommended for safe sleep.
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