A nurse is reviewing the laboratory test results for a male client who has an elevated temperature. The nurse should identify which of the following findings is a manifestation of dehydration?

A. Increasing sodium intake would exacerbate hypernatremia, not correct it. Hypernatremia is characterized by an excess of sodium in the blood, so the goal of treatment is to lower sodium levels, not increase them.
B. Infusing hypotonic IV fluids, such as 0.45% NaCl or D5W (5% dextrose in water), helps to dilute the high sodium concentration in the blood and can assist in correcting hypernatremia. Hypotonic fluids move water into cells and help balance the sodium levels by promoting hydration and lowering the sodium concentration.
C. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) is used to treat hyperkalemia (elevated potassium levels), not hypernatremia. It works by exchanging potassium for sodium in the gastrointestinal tract and would not address hypernatremia.
D. Implementing a fluid restriction is generally not the best approach for treating hypernatremia. In fact, fluid restriction could worsen hypernatremia by limiting the client's fluid intake and not addressing the sodium imbalance. The primary goal in hypernatremia is usually to rehydrate the patient with appropriate fluids.

A. Alcohol can affect blood clotting mechanisms and increase the risk of bleeding. Chronic alcohol consumption is associated with liver dysfunction, which impairs the production of clotting factors, leading to an increased risk of bleeding during and after surgery.
B. Alcohol consumption does not decrease the risk of postoperative infection. In fact, alcohol use, especially if it’s chronic, can impair the immune system and delay wound healing, potentially increasing the risk of postoperative infections.
C. Alcohol does not enhance the effectiveness of anesthesia; rather, it can complicate anesthesia management. Alcohol can interact with anesthetic agents, potentially altering their effects, leading to unpredictable outcomes.
D. Alcohol does not reduce the risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). In fact, alcohol use can exacerbate nausea and vomiting, particularly when combined with anesthetic agents.