A nurse is reviewing the medical history of a client with suspected peripheral vascular disease. Which condition is a significant risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis and peripheral vascular disease?

Asthma

Osteoarthritis

Hypothyroidism

Hypercholesterolemia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A) This choice is incorrect because asthma is not directly associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis or peripheral vascular disease. Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition that affects the airways, not the blood vessels.

B) This choice is incorrect because osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease and is not directly linked to an increased risk of atherosclerosis or peripheral vascular disease.

C) This choice is incorrect because while hypothyroidism can impact cardiovascular health, it is not a primary risk factor for atherosclerosis or peripheral vascular disease. Hypothyroidism can lead to elevated cholesterol levels, but hypercholesterolemia is the specific condition related to increased cholesterol levels and atherosclerosis.

D) This choice is correct. Hypercholesterolemia, characterized by high levels of cholesterol in the blood, is a significant risk factor for atherosclerosis, which is the buildup of plaque in the arterial walls. Atherosclerosis is a common cause of peripheral vascular disease, leading to reduced blood flow to the extremities and various cardiovascular complications.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A) This choice is incorrect because while smoking can be a risk factor for deep vein thrombosis (DVT), diabetes and hypertension are not significant risk factors for this condition. DVT is more commonly associated with prolonged immobility, surgery, or trauma.

B) This choice is incorrect because Raynaud's disease is not directly related to smoking, diabetes, or hypertension. Raynaud's disease involves blood vessel spasms and is more commonly associated with exposure to cold temperatures or stress.

C) This choice is correct. Peripheral artery disease (PAD) involves the narrowing or blockage of arteries in the extremities, leading to reduced blood flow. Smoking, diabetes, and hypertension are significant risk factors for the development of PAD. Smoking damages blood vessels, diabetes increases the risk of atherosclerosis (plaque buildup in arteries), and hypertension can lead to arterial damage and narrowing.

D) This choice is incorrect because varicose veins are typically caused by weakened or damaged valves in the veins, leading to the pooling of blood and the development of enlarged and twisted veins. Smoking, diabetes, and hypertension are not primary risk factors for varicose veins.

A. Blood pressure in the arms and legs. B. Oxygen saturation in the extremities. C. Blood glucose levels before and after meals. D. Blood flow through the heart's chambers.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) This choice is correct. The ankle-brachial index (ABI) is a non-invasive test that compares the blood pressure in the arms and legs. The test involves using a blood pressure cuff and Doppler ultrasound to measure blood pressure in the ankles and arms. The ratio of ankle to brachial pressure helps assess the severity of peripheral vascular disease and determine if there is reduced blood flow to the legs.

B) This choice is incorrect because oxygen saturation in the extremities is not directly measured with an ankle-brachial index (ABI) test. Oxygen saturation is commonly measured using pulse oximetry, which assesses the percentage of hemoglobin in the blood that is saturated with oxygen.

C) This choice is incorrect because an ankle-brachial index (ABI) test is not used to measure blood glucose levels before and after meals. Blood glucose levels are typically assessed using a blood test or fingerstick glucose monitoring in clients with diabetes.

D) This choice is incorrect because an ankle-brachial index (ABI) test does not evaluate blood flow through the heart's chambers. It focuses on assessing blood pressure and blood flow in the arms and legs to diagnose peripheral vascular disease.

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A nurse is reviewing the medical history of a client with suspected peripheral vascular disease. Which condition is a significant risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis and peripheral vascular disease?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client has a history of smoking, diabetes, and hypertension. The nurse should recognize that these risk factors contribute to the development of which peripheral vascular disease?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A client with suspected peripheral vascular disease is scheduled for an ankle-brachial index (ABI) test. The nurse explains that this test measures:

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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