A nurse is teaching a class about pharmacodynamics. The nurse should include that which of the following medication levels occurs when a medication is at the lowest serum concentration?

Half-life

Peak

Toxic

Trough

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

D) Trough:
The trough level of a medication is the lowest concentration of the drug in the bloodstream before the next dose is administered. Monitoring the trough level helps ensure that the medication stays within a therapeutic range, minimizing the risk of toxicity and ensuring effectiveness.

A) Half-life:
Half-life refers to the time it takes for the concentration of a drug in the blood to decrease by half. It is related to how long the drug stays in the system but does not specifically indicate the lowest concentration.

B) Peak:
The peak level is the highest concentration of the drug in the bloodstream after administration. It is used to assess the maximum effect of the drug, not the lowest concentration.

C) Toxic:
Toxic level refers to the concentration of a drug at which it can cause adverse effects or toxicity. It is not related to the lowest concentration but rather to potentially harmful levels.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A) Muscle pain:
Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker used to treat cardiac dysrhythmias and hypertension. Muscle pain is not a common adverse effect associated with verapamil. Instead, side effects related to cardiovascular function are more pertinent.

B) Ototoxicity:
Ototoxicity, which refers to hearing damage or tinnitus, is not a known side effect of verapamil. This is more commonly associated with certain antibiotics or chemotherapy agents, not calcium channel blockers like verapamil.

C) Hypotension:
Hypotension is a significant concern with verapamil, as it can lower blood pressure due to its vasodilatory effects. Monitoring blood pressure is crucial when administering verapamil, especially during an IV bolus, to ensure it does not drop too low and lead to symptoms of dizziness or fainting.

D) Hyperthermia:
Hyperthermia, or elevated body temperature, is not typically associated with verapamil use. Verapamil's side effects are more focused on cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems, rather than temperature regulation.

Correct Answer is ["10"]

Explanation

Calculating the Diphenhydramine Dose

Problem: Administer 25 mg of diphenhydramine elixir. The available concentration is 12.5 mg/5 mL.

Steps:

Set up a proportion:

We want to find the number of milliliters (mL) needed.

We know the desired dose (25 mg) and the concentration of the medication (12.5 mg/5 mL).

Proportion:

x mL / 25 mg = 5 mL / 12.5 mg

Cross-multiply:

12.5x = 125

Solve for x:

x = 125 / 12.5

x = 10

Answer: The nurse should administer 10 mL of diphenhydramine elixir per dose.

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A nurse is teaching a class about pharmacodynamics. The nurse should include that which of the following medication levels occurs when a medication is at the lowest serum concentration?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is preparing to administer verapamil by IV bolus to a client who is having cardiac dysrhythmias. For which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor when giving this medication?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Correct Answer is ["10"]

Explanation

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