A nurse is teaching a class about pharmacodynamics. The nurse should include that which of the following medication levels occurs when a medication is at the lowest serum concentration?

Half-life

Peak

Toxic

Trough

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

D) Trough:
The trough level of a medication is the lowest concentration of the drug in the bloodstream before the next dose is administered. Monitoring the trough level helps ensure that the medication stays within a therapeutic range, minimizing the risk of toxicity and ensuring effectiveness.

A) Half-life:
Half-life refers to the time it takes for the concentration of a drug in the blood to decrease by half. It is related to how long the drug stays in the system but does not specifically indicate the lowest concentration.

B) Peak:
The peak level is the highest concentration of the drug in the bloodstream after administration. It is used to assess the maximum effect of the drug, not the lowest concentration.

C) Toxic:
Toxic level refers to the concentration of a drug at which it can cause adverse effects or toxicity. It is not related to the lowest concentration but rather to potentially harmful levels.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) Catheter dislodgment:
Hearing a gurgling sound near the catheter insertion site may indicate that the catheter is partially dislodged. This dislodgment can cause air to enter the catheter or affect the proper flow of fluids. Immediate assessment and intervention are required to address the dislodgment and prevent complications such as air embolism.

B) Catheter rupture:
A catheter rupture would typically present with signs of leakage or blood in the surrounding area, rather than a gurgling sound. While a rupture is a serious complication, it does not usually cause a gurgling noise.

C) Catheter migration:
Catheter migration occurs when the catheter moves from its original position, which could lead to issues with catheter function or placement. However, migration is less likely to cause a gurgling sound and more likely to present with changes in catheter function or resistance during infusion.

D) Catheter occlusion:
Catheter occlusion usually presents with difficulty in infusing fluids or withdrawing blood, not a gurgling sound. An occlusion is characterized by blockage or reduced flow rather than an audible gurgling.

A. Phlebitis B. Circulatory overload C. Infection D. Infiltration

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A) Phlebitis:
Phlebitis typically presents with redness, warmth, swelling, and tenderness along the vein. It does not usually cause the IV site to be cool or taut with fluid leakage.

B) Circulatory overload:
Circulatory overload occurs when there is an excessive volume of fluid in the bloodstream, leading to symptoms like dyspnea, crackles in the lungs, and edema. It does not typically cause coolness, tautness, or leakage at the catheter site.

C) Infection:
Infection at the IV site would be characterized by signs of redness, warmth, swelling, and possibly purulent discharge. It would not generally cause the site to be cool and taut with fluid leakage.

D) Infiltration:
Infiltration occurs when IV fluid leaks into the surrounding tissue due to improper placement of the catheter or damage to the vein. Symptoms include cool and taut skin at the site, swelling, and leakage of IV fluid into the surrounding tissue.

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A nurse is teaching a class about pharmacodynamics. The nurse should include that which of the following medication levels occurs when a medication is at the lowest serum concentration?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has a central venous catheter and reports hearing a gurgling sound on the side of the catheter insertion. Which of the following complications should the nurse suspect?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is assessing a client who is receiving continuous IV therapy through a peripheral IV. The catheter site is cool and taut, and there is IV fluid leaking. The nurse should identify that the client has manifestations of which of the following complications?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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