A nurse is preparing to administer a metered dose inhaler (MDI) medication to a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

A) Ask the client to inhale the medication quickly for 1 second:
The client should inhale the medication slowly and deeply, not quickly. A rapid inhalation can reduce the effectiveness of the medication as it may not reach the deeper parts of the lungs effectively.

B) Ask the client to hold their breath for 2 seconds after inhalation:
The client should hold their breath for about 10 seconds after inhalation to allow the medication to settle in the lungs and be absorbed. Holding the breath for just 2 seconds is typically insufficient for optimal medication delivery.

C) Shake the MDI prior to administration:
Shaking the MDI before use is important to ensure that the medication is properly mixed and delivered in the correct dose. Failure to shake the MDI can result in an uneven distribution of medication.

D) Wash the MDI canister in warm water after each use:
The MDI canister should not be washed frequently, as this can affect the device's function and lead to potential contamination. The canister should be cleaned as per the manufacturer’s instructions, typically every few days or as needed.

A) Enteral:
Enteral routes, such as oral or rectal, involve absorption through the gastrointestinal tract. This process generally takes longer due to factors such as digestion and metabolism in the liver before reaching systemic circulation.

B) Intramuscular:
Intramuscular injections are absorbed faster than subcutaneous injections but slower than intravenous administration. The absorption rate can be influenced by factors such as blood flow to the muscle and the drug's formulation.

C) Intravenous:
The intravenous (IV) route provides the fastest rate of absorption because the medication is delivered directly into the bloodstream, bypassing absorption barriers and ensuring immediate availability for systemic effect. This route is often used for emergency situations and precise dosing.

D) Topical:
Topical administration involves applying medication directly to the skin or mucous membranes. This route has a slower rate of absorption compared to intravenous administration due to the need for the medication to pass through the skin or mucosal barriers before entering systemic circulation.