A nurse is teaching a class about sleep disorders. The nurse should include that which of the following conditions can cause obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
Heart failure
Brainstem injury
Recent weight loss
Enlarged tonsils
The Correct Answer is D
A) Heart failure:
While heart failure can cause a variety of symptoms, including shortness of breath, fatigue, and nocturnal respiratory disturbances, it is not a direct cause of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, heart failure can exacerbate the effects of sleep apnea, particularly in individuals who already have OSA, leading to a condition known as "central sleep apnea with Cheyne-Stokes respiration.
B) Brainstem injury:
Brainstem injury can affect the regulation of breathing and may lead to central sleep apnea, where the brain fails to send the proper signals to the muscles that control breathing. However, brainstem injury does not directly cause obstructive sleep apnea, which is typically caused by physical blockages or obstructions in the upper airway.
C) Recent weight loss:
Recent weight loss is generally not associated with the development of obstructive sleep apnea. In fact, weight loss can sometimes reduce the severity of OSA in overweight or obese individuals. OSA is more commonly associated with excess weight and fat deposits around the neck and throat, which can contribute to airway obstruction during sleep.
D) Enlarged tonsils:
Enlarged tonsils, especially in children, are a well-known cause of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The enlarged tonsils can block the upper airway during sleep, leading to periods of apnea or hypopnea (reduced airflow). This obstruction can result in snoring, choking, and interrupted sleep.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A) Muscle mass:
Passive range of motion (ROM) exercises do not directly increase muscle mass. These exercises primarily help maintain joint function and flexibility rather than build muscle tissue, which requires active resistance exercises and strength training.
B) Bone density:
While weight-bearing activities can help improve bone density, passive ROM exercises do not have a significant impact on bone density. Passive ROM helps preserve joint function and flexibility but does not address the strengthening of bones.
C) Joint flexibility:
Passive ROM exercises are specifically designed to improve and maintain joint flexibility. These exercises involve the nurse or caregiver moving the client’s joints through their full range of motion without the client’s active participation. The goal is to maintain or increase the joint's flexibility and prevent stiffness, especially in patients who are unable to move their limbs actively, such as those who have had a stroke.
D) Muscle strength:
Passive ROM does not increase muscle strength because the client is not actively engaging their muscles. Muscle strength is built through active movements or resistance exercises, where the client’s muscles work against a force. Passive ROM helps maintain joint mobility, not muscle strength.
Correct Answer is ["10"]
Explanation
Set up the dosage calculation:
Desired dose:5 mg
Available dose:0.5 mg/tablet
We need to find out how many tablets will contain 5 mg of digoxin.
Use the formula:
Number of tablets = Desired dose (mg) / Available dose (mg/tablet)
Plug in the values and calculate:
Number of tablets = 5 mg / 0.5 mg/tablet
Number of tablets = 10 tablets
Round to the nearest whole number:
10 tablets
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