A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for hydrochlorothiazide for management of hypertension. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Reduce intake of potassium-rich foods.

Avoid grapefruit juice.

Take this medication before bedtime.

Monitor for leg cramps.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: Reducing intake of potassium-rich foods is not necessary for clients taking hydrochlorothiazide, as this medication can cause hypokalemia (low potassium levels) due to increased potassium excretion in the urine. Clients may need to increase their intake of potassium-rich foods or take potassium supplements to prevent hypokalemia.

Choice B reason: Avoiding grapefruit juice is not necessary for clients taking hydrochlorothiazide, as this medication does not interact with grapefruit juice. Grapefruit juice can affect the metabolism of some other medications, such as statins, calcium channel blockers, and cyclosporine, by inhibiting the enzyme CYP3A4 in the liver.

Choice C reason: Taking this medication before bedtime is not advisable for clients taking hydrochlorothiazide, as this medication can cause increased urination and nocturia (nighttime urination). Clients should take this medication in the morning or at least 6 hours before bedtime to avoid disrupting their sleep.

Choice D reason: Monitoring for leg cramps is an important instruction for clients taking hydrochlorothiazide, as this medication can cause muscle cramps due to electrolyte imbalances, such as hypokalemia, hyponatremia (low sodium levels), or hypomagnesemia (low magnesium levels). Clients should report any signs of muscle cramps, weakness, or fatigue to their provider.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: The client has a history of hypertension is not the correct answer. Hypertension is a condition in which the blood pressure is abnormally high, usually above 140/90 mmHg. Propranolol is a beta-blocker that lowers the blood pressure and reduces the workload of the heart. Propranolol is indicated for the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris, which is a type of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart. The nurse does not need to report this finding to the provider, as it is consistent with the prescription.

Choice B reason: The client has a history of hypothyroidism is not the correct answer. Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones, which regulate the metabolism and energy levels. Propranolol can mask some of the signs of hypothyroidism, such as tachycardia, tremors, and anxiety. Propranolol can also interfere with the absorption and conversion of thyroid hormones. The nurse should monitor the client's thyroid function tests and report any abnormal values to the provider, but this finding is not a contraindication to the use of propranolol.

Choice C reason: The client has a history of bronchial asthma is the correct answer. Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that causes wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. Propranolol is a non-selective beta-blocker that blocks the beta-1 receptors in the heart and the beta-2 receptors in the lungs. Blocking the beta-2 receptors can cause bronchoconstriction, which can worsen the symptoms of asthma and trigger an asthma attack. Propranolol is contraindicated in clients who have bronchial asthma, and the nurse should report this finding to the provider immediately.

Choice D reason: The client has a history of migraine headaches is not the correct answer. Migraine headaches are recurrent episodes of severe and throbbing pain, usually on one side of the head, that can be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound. Propranolol is effective in preventing migraine headaches, as it reduces the frequency and severity of the attacks. Propranolol is indicated for the prophylaxis of migraine headaches, and the nurse does not need to report this finding to the provider, as it is consistent with the prescription.

A. Hematocrit 45% B. Platelets 74,000/mm3 C. Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) 65 seconds D. White blood cell count 8,000/mm3

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Hematocrit 45% is not the correct data. Hematocrit is the percentage of red blood cells in the blood. The normal range for hematocrit is 37% to 47% for women and 42% to 52% for men. Hematocrit 45% is within the normal range and does not indicate any abnormality related to heparin therapy. Heparin does not affect the production or destruction of red blood cells.

Choice B reason: Platelets 74,000/mm3 is the correct data. Platelets are the blood cells that are responsible for clotting and preventing bleeding. The normal range for platelets is 150,000 to 400,000/mm3. Platelets 74,000/mm3 is below the normal range and indicates thrombocytopenia, which is a low platelet count. Thrombocytopenia is a serious complication of heparin therapy that can cause bleeding, bruising, and petechiae. The nurse should report this finding to the provider immediately and stop the heparin infusion.

Choice C reason: Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) 65 seconds is not the correct data. PTT is a blood test that measures the time it takes for the blood to clot. The normal range for PTT is 25 to 35 seconds. PTT 65 seconds is above the normal range and indicates that the blood is taking longer to clot. This is an expected effect of heparin therapy, as heparin is an anticoagulant that inhibits the formation of blood clots. The nurse should monitor the PTT and adjust the heparin dose according to the provider's orders and the protocol.

Choice D reason: White blood cell count 8,000/mm3 is not the correct data. White blood cells are the blood cells that are involved in the immune system and fight infections. The normal range for white blood cells is 4,500 to 11,000/mm3. White blood cell count 8,000/mm3 is within the normal range and does not indicate any abnormality related to heparin therapy. Heparin does not affect the production or function of white blood cells.

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A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for hydrochlorothiazide for management of hypertension. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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