A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for zolpidem. The nurse should instruct the client that which of the following is an adverse effect of zolpidem?

A) Role-play:
Role-playing is a teaching strategy where the client or learner acts out a scenario or situation to practice certain behaviors, such as interacting with others in a social or clinical setting. In this case, the nurse is not asking the client to simulate a scenario or interact with others, but instead, to physically perform a specific task (walking with a walker).

B) Question-and-answer:
The question-and-answer method involves the nurse asking the client questions to assess understanding or clarify information. This method typically involves verbal interaction rather than performing a physical skill. In this scenario, the nurse is not simply asking questions, but rather observing the client as they perform the physical task of walking with a walker.

C) Discussion:
Discussion is a method of teaching where ideas or concepts are shared and discussed, often in a conversational format. While the nurse might use discussion as part of the overall teaching, the act of having the client physically demonstrate walking with a walker is a separate and more focused teaching strategy.

D) Return demonstration:
Return demonstration is the teaching strategy in which the nurse shows the client how to perform a task (such as walking with a walker) and then asks the client to perform the task themselves to confirm understanding and skill acquisition. This method allows the nurse to assess the client’s ability to perform the task correctly and ensures that the client has learned the skill effectively.

A) "It sounds like you are exhausted":
This response demonstrates empathy, as the nurse is acknowledging the client's emotional state by reflecting back what the client might be feeling. The nurse recognizes the client's experience of being overwhelmed, using empathetic language to show understanding without judgment or offering solutions prematurely. The phrase "sounds like you are exhausted" is a way of mirroring the client's feelings and giving validation to their experience.

B) "You have so much to deal with. How can I be of help to you?":
While this response offers support and suggests the nurse is ready to help, it does not focus as much on empathy. It is more solution-focused, and while helpful, it doesn’t directly acknowledge or validate the emotional experience of the client as much as an empathetic response would. Empathy focuses on acknowledging the emotional state rather than jumping immediately to offering help.

C) "Tell me more about how you are feeling":
This is a good open-ended question that encourages the client to elaborate on their feelings, but it doesn’t directly reflect empathy. The question prompts the client to talk but does not explicitly acknowledge or validate their emotional experience, which is the primary goal of an empathetic response.

D) "It is impressive how you have managed to deal with this situation":
This response is more focused on offering praise, which, while positive, can come across as dismissive or minimizing of the client's distress. Instead of acknowledging the client's current feelings, it praises their past coping, which may not fully validate the emotional burden they are feeling at the moment. An empathetic response would focus on the client's current emotional state, not necessarily on past strength.