A nurse is teaching a client who has multiple sclerosis. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

Avoid physical exercise to prevent fatigue.

Take hot baths to relax muscles.

Perform stretching exercises daily.

Limit fluid intake to reduce bladder irritation.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: Avoiding physical exercise is not recommended for multiple sclerosis, as moderate activity like walking or stretching improves muscle strength, balance, and fatigue management. Complete avoidance leads to deconditioning, worsening mobility and fatigue, which are common in MS, making this instruction counterproductive to symptom management.
Choice B reason: Taking hot baths is not advised for multiple sclerosis, as heat can exacerbate symptoms like fatigue and muscle weakness due to temperature sensitivity (Uhthoff’s phenomenon). Cool or lukewarm baths are safer, supporting symptom control, making this instruction harmful and inappropriate for MS management.
Choice C reason: Performing daily stretching exercises improves flexibility, reduces spasticity, and enhances mobility in multiple sclerosis. Stretching strengthens muscles and prevents contractures, supporting functional independence. This aligns with evidence-based MS management to mitigate symptoms and improve quality of life, making it the correct instruction.
Choice D reason: Limiting fluid intake to reduce bladder irritation is inappropriate, as adequate hydration (2-3 L/day) prevents urinary tract infections, common in MS due to bladder dysfunction. Fluid restriction can worsen symptoms and dehydration, making this instruction incorrect for managing MS-related bladder issues effectively.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Decreased BUN is not typical in preeclampsia, where renal impairment often elevates BUN due to reduced glomerular filtration. Normal or increased BUN is expected, so this finding does not align with preeclampsia’s pathophysiology, making it an incorrect expectation.
Choice B reason: Increased protein in urine (proteinuria) is a hallmark of preeclampsia, resulting from glomerular damage due to hypertension and endothelial dysfunction. This diagnostic criterion, often >300 mg/24 hours, is critical for identifying preeclampsia, making it the correct finding the nurse should expect.
Choice C reason: Increased platelet count is not associated with preeclampsia, which often causes thrombocytopenia due to endothelial activation and platelet consumption. A decreased count (<100,000/mm³) is more likely, making this finding incorrect for preeclampsia’s clinical presentation.
Choice D reason: Decreased serum uric acid is not expected in preeclampsia, where elevated uric acid occurs due to reduced renal clearance from glomerular dysfunction. Increased levels are a marker, so this finding is opposite to preeclampsia’s effects, making it incorrect.

A. Ritualistic behavior B. Suspicious of others C. Preoccupied with aging D. Grandiose sense of self

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Ritualistic behavior is linked to obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, not narcissistic personality disorder (NPD). NPD involves self-focused grandiosity, not repetitive rituals driven by anxiety. These distinct psychological mechanisms make ritualistic behavior an unlikely finding in clients with NPD during assessment.
Choice B reason: Suspiciousness is characteristic of paranoid personality disorder, not NPD. While NPD clients may distrust due to ego threats, this is secondary to their grandiose self-view. Suspicion is not a core NPD trait, as their focus is on admiration, not pervasive mistrust.
Choice C reason: Preoccupation with aging is not a primary NPD feature. NPD clients focus on idealized self-image, but aging fears are more tied to body dysmorphic disorder or general anxiety. This preoccupation is not a diagnostic criterion for NPD in psychological assessments.
Choice D reason: A grandiose sense of self is a core NPD feature, marked by exaggerated self-importance and entitlement. Driven by fragile self-esteem, this trait leads to behaviors like boasting, as defined in DSM-5 criteria, making it an expected finding during assessment of NPD clients.

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A nurse is teaching a client who has multiple sclerosis. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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