A nurse is teaching a client who has pericarditis. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the client teaching to explain the cause of pericarditis?

Pantoprazole: Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor commonly used to reduce stomach acid production. It is primarily indicated for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcers, and other conditions related to excessive stomach acid production. It does not play a role in managing Meniere's disease, which is a disorder of the inner ear characterized by episodes of vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss.

B) Warfarin: Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication used to prevent blood clot formation. It is commonly prescribed for conditions such as atrial fibrillation, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. Meniere's disease does not typically require anticoagulant therapy, so warfarin would not be indicated for its treatment.

C) Furosemide: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that helps reduce fluid retention by increasing urine output. In some cases of Meniere's disease, especially those associated with excessive endolymphatic fluid buildup in the inner ear, furosemide may be prescribed to help reduce fluid volume and alleviate symptoms such as vertigo and pressure sensation in the ear.

D) Oxybutynin: Oxybutynin is an anticholinergic medication primarily used to treat overactive bladder and urinary incontinence. It works by relaxing smooth muscle in the bladder, reducing bladder spasms and urinary urgency. While some individuals with Meniere's disease may experience associated symptoms such as frequent urination or urinary urgency, oxybutynin is not a standard treatment for Meniere's disease itself.

A. Difficulty swallowing: Difficulty swallowing is not typically associated with atrial fibrillation. It may be a symptom of various other conditions such as dysphagia, esophageal disorders, or neurological disorders, but it is not a common manifestation of atrial fibrillation.

B. Shortness of breath: This is the correct answer. Shortness of breath, or dyspnea, is a common symptom of atrial fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation can lead to ineffective atrial contraction, resulting in decreased cardiac output and potential fluid accumulation in the lungs, leading to dyspnea.

C. Exertional fatigue: This is the correct answer. Exertional fatigue, or feeling excessively tired or weak with physical activity, is a common manifestation of atrial fibrillation. Reduced cardiac output and inefficient heart function due to irregular heart rhythms can lead to fatigue, especially during exertion.

D. Weight gain: Weight gain is not typically associated with atrial fibrillation. While some individuals with heart conditions may experience fluid retention and subsequent weight gain, it is not a specific manifestation of atrial fibrillation itself.