A nurse is teaching a client who has urolithiasis (renal calculi). The nurse should explain that which of the following conditions can increase the risk for renal calculi?

Obesity

Protein in the urine

Iron deficiency

Dehydration

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.   While obesity can contribute to certain health conditions, it is not a direct risk factor for the formation of renal calculi.
B.   Proteinuria may indicate kidney dysfunction, but it is not a direct risk factor for the formation of renal calculi.
C.   Iron deficiency is not directly associated with an increased risk of renal calculi formation.
D.   Dehydration can lead to concentrated urine, which increases the risk of crystal formation and subsequently the formation of renal calculi.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Metabolic Alkalosis, Partially Compensated, is incorrect because there is no evidence of respiratory compensation (normal PaCO2).
B. Respiratory Acidosis, Partially Compensated, is incorrect because the pH is high, not low as would be expected in acidosis, and the PaCO2 is normal, not high.
C. Respiratory Alkalosis, Uncompensated, is incorrect because the primary problem is metabolic (high HCO3), not respiratory, and the PaCO2 is normal, not low as would be seen in respiratory alkalosis.
D. Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by elevated pH and bicarbonate levels. In this scenario, the pH is elevated (7.5) and the bicarbonate (HCO3) level is high (34 mmol/L), indicating alkalosis. Vomiting leads to loss of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid), causing metabolic alkalosis. The respiratory system has not yet compensated fully for the alkalosis, as indicated by the normal PaCO2 (40 mm Hg).

A. Urine output is less than 400 mL per 24 hr. B. BUN and creatinine levels decrease. C. Renal function is reestablished. D. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) recovers

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Oliguria, characterized by urine output less than 400 mL per 24 hours, is a hallmark of the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury.
B. BUN and creatinine levels typically increase during the oliguric phase due to decreased kidney function.
C. Renal function is not reestablished during the oliguric phase; this phase represents reduced kidney function.
D. The glomerular filtration rate remains decreased during the oliguric phase.

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A nurse is teaching a client who has urolithiasis (renal calculi). The nurse should explain that which of the following conditions can increase the risk for renal calculi?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is teaching a client who has acute kidney injury about the oliguric phase. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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