A nurse is teaching a client who reports taking gingko biloba to improve his memory. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse include in the teaching?
Bleeding gums
Decreased alertness
Breast enlargement
Bad breath
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Bleeding gums is a possible adverse effect of taking gingko biloba, as it may increase the risk of bleeding by inhibiting platelet aggregation and interfering with clotting factors. Gingko biloba may also interact with other medications that affect bleeding, such as anticoagulants, antiplatelets, or NSAIDs. The nurse should advise the client to monitor for signs of bleeding, such as bruising, nosebleeds, or hematuria, and report them to the provider.
Choice B reason: Decreased alertness is not a likely adverse effect of taking gingko biloba, as it may have the opposite effect of enhancing cognitive function and memory. Gingko biloba may improve blood flow to the brain and protect against oxidative stress and neuronal damage. The nurse should inform the client that gingko biloba may take several weeks to show its benefits and that the evidence for its effectiveness is inconclusive.
Choice C reason: Breast enlargement is not a known adverse effect of taking gingko biloba, as it does not affect the hormonal levels or the breast tissue. Gingko biloba may have some estrogenic activity, but it is not significant enough to cause gynecomastia or breast tenderness. The nurse should assess the client for other possible causes of breast enlargement, such as medications, liver disease, or tumors.
Choice D reason: Bad breath is not a common adverse effect of taking gingko biloba, as it does not affect the oral hygiene or the digestive system. Gingko biloba may have a mild odor, but it is not unpleasant or persistent. The nurse should advise the client to maintain good oral care and to check for other possible causes of bad breath, such as infections, dental problems, or dietary factors.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Warfarin PO is not a suitable medication for DVT prophylaxis in the immediate postoperative period, as it has a slow onset of action and requires frequent monitoring of the INR (international normalized ratio). Warfarin may be used for long-term anticoagulation, but it is not effective for preventing the formation of new clots.
Choice B reason: Enoxaparin subcutaneous is a suitable medication for DVT prophylaxis in the immediate postoperative period, as it has a rapid onset of action and does not require frequent monitoring of the coagulation status. Enoxaparin is a low-molecular-weight heparin that inhibits the formation of thrombin and prevents the growth of existing clots.
Choice C reason: Aspirin PO is not a suitable medication for DVT prophylaxis in the immediate postoperative period, as it has a weak anticoagulant effect and may increase the risk of bleeding. Aspirin is an antiplatelet agent that inhibits the aggregation of platelets and prevents the formation of arterial clots, but it is not effective for preventing venous clots.
Choice D reason: Heparin infusion is not a suitable medication for DVT prophylaxis in the immediate postoperative period, as it requires continuous intravenous administration and frequent monitoring of the aPTT (activated partial thromboplastin time). Heparin is an unfractionated heparin that inhibits the formation of thrombin and prevents the growth of existing clots, but it has a narrow therapeutic window and a high risk of bleeding.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Taking this medication with food is not necessary, as lisinopril can be taken with or without food. Food does not affect the absorption or effectiveness of lisinopril.
Choice B reason: Facial swelling is not an expected effect of this medication, but a serious adverse reaction that indicates angioedema. Angioedema is a life-threatening condition that causes swelling of the face, tongue, throat, and airway. It requires immediate medical attention and discontinuation of lisinopril.
Choice C reason: Reporting a cough to the provider is an important instruction, as a cough is a common and annoying side effect of lisinopril. Lisinopril belongs to the class of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, which can cause a dry, persistent, nonproductive cough. The cough may interfere with the client's quality of life and adherence to the medication. The provider may prescribe an alternative medication, such as an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), to avoid the cough.
Choice D reason: Increasing the intake of potassium-rich foods is not advisable, as lisinopril can cause hyperkalemia (high potassium levels) due to decreased potassium excretion in the urine. Clients should monitor their potassium levels and avoid excessive intake of potassium supplements or foods, such as bananas, oranges, potatoes, and tomatoes.
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