A nurse is teaching a health promotion class about isotonic exercises. Which types of exercises will the nurse give as examples?

Quadriceps set exercises and contraction of the gluteal muscles

Swimming, jogging, and bicycling

Tightening or tensing of muscles without moving body parts

Push-ups, hip lifting, pushing feet against a footboard on the bed

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A) Quadriceps set exercises and contraction of the gluteal muscles: These exercises are examples of isometric exercises, not isotonic exercises. Isometric exercises involve muscle contraction without movement of the body part, helping to maintain muscle strength and endurance.

B) Swimming, jogging, and bicycling: These are examples of isotonic exercises, where the muscles contract and change length, leading to movement of body parts. Isotonic exercises improve muscle strength, endurance, and cardiovascular fitness. These activities involve repetitive movements that help in improving overall muscle tone and joint flexibility.

C) Tightening or tensing of muscles without moving body parts: This describes isometric exercises, not isotonic. Isometric exercises involve static muscle contraction, such as holding a position, without any movement of the joints or limbs. These exercises are effective for strengthening specific muscles.

D) Push-ups, hip lifting, pushing feet against a footboard on the bed: While push-ups and hip lifting are isotonic exercises, pushing feet against a footboard on the bed is an example of an isometric exercise, as it involves muscle contraction without movement of the body part. Therefore, this option contains both isometric and isotonic exercises.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A) The client pushes downward on the handgrips: Pushing downward on the handgrips of the crutches helps the client maintain balance and support, which is crucial for safely using crutches. This action aids in transferring weight and can provide stability during movement. As long as the client does not push too forcefully, this action is appropriate and not a safety risk.

B) The client stands in a tripod position prior to walking: The tripod position is a standard stance for crutch walking, where the crutches are placed slightly ahead and wider than the feet to provide a stable base of support. This position helps prevent the client from losing balance before starting to walk and is essential for maintaining safety while ambulating.

C) The client places partial weight on the affected leg: In a three-point gait, placing partial weight on the affected leg is a proper and necessary action to maintain the correct gait. This allows for proper distribution of weight between the crutches and the unaffected leg. The partial weight-bearing is often part of the rehabilitation process for clients with an injured or weakened leg.

D) The client keeps the elbows in a fixed position: Keeping the elbows in a fixed position during crutch walking can be dangerous, as it limits the client’s ability to adjust their posture or support properly. Flexing the elbows to about 20 to 30 degrees is ideal for balance, shock absorption, and mobility. A fixed elbow position restricts these movements, making it a safety concern because it could lead to muscle strain or decreased control over crutch placement.

A. Ensure four fingers fit under the restraints to prevent constriction. B. Secure the restraints to the lowest bar of the side rail. C. Secure the restraints using a quick-release tie. D. Anticipate removing the restraints every 4 hr.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A) Ensure four fingers fit under the restraints to prevent constriction: While it is important to ensure that restraints are not too tight, the general recommendation is to allow enough room for two fingers, not four. The primary goal is to prevent impaired circulation and nerve damage while also ensuring that the restraint is secure enough to prevent the patient from causing harm to themselves or others. Four fingers may be too loose and could lead to unnecessary movement.

B) Secure the restraints to the lowest bar of the side rail: Restraints should never be secured to a side rail, as the side rails may move and cause the restraint to become tight, which could lead to injury. Restraints should be tied to a fixed part of the bed frame to prevent them from becoming loose or causing undue pressure. Securing to side rails can increase the risk of harm.

C) Secure the restraints using a quick-release tie: This is the correct action. The nurse should always use a quick-release tie to ensure that the restraints can be removed immediately if needed. Quick-release ties allow for rapid removal in case of emergency, reducing the risk of injury or distress to the patient. This ensures safety while still maintaining control over the restraint application.

D) Anticipate removing the restraints every 4 hr: While restraints should be removed periodically to check the skin, circulation, and comfort of the patient, the time frame for removal varies depending on the patient's condition and the facility's protocol. Restraints should be removed more frequently than every 4 hours, if possible, to ensure the patient’s safety and comfort. The nurse should follow the facility's specific protocol for restraint monitoring and removal.

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A nurse is teaching a health promotion class about isotonic exercises. Which types of exercises will the nurse give as examples?

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