A nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about obtaining a fecal occult blood test from a client.
Which of the following information should the nurse include?

Choice A rationale

Instilling ophthalmic medication directly on the cornea can cause irritation and discomfort. Medications should be administered in the conjunctival sac.

Choice B rationale

Asking the client to tightly squeeze their eyes shut after instillation can expel the medication, reducing its effectiveness. Gentle closing of the eyes is recommended.

Choice C rationale

Cleaning the eye from the outer canthus to the inner canthus is not the proper method. The correct method is to clean from the inner canthus to the outer canthus to avoid contaminating the inner eye.

Choice D rationale

Applying pressure to the nasolacrimal duct after instillation helps prevent the medication from draining into the nasolacrimal system, ensuring better absorption in the eye. .

Choice A rationale

Reflex incontinence is caused by neurological impairment or damage, such as spinal cord injury, which results in a loss of voluntary control over urination. The bladder muscle contracts involuntarily, causing urine leakage.

Choice B rationale

Overflow incontinence occurs when the bladder cannot empty properly, leading to frequent or constant dribbling of urine. It is not typically associated with nerve damage from spinal cord injury.

Choice C rationale

Stress incontinence is caused by physical movement or activity—such as coughing, sneezing, or heavy lifting—that puts pressure on the bladder, leading to urine leakage. It is not related to nerve damage or neurological conditions.

Choice D rationale

Urge incontinence is characterized by a sudden, intense urge to urinate, followed by involuntary urine leakage. It is usually caused by an overactive bladder or other conditions affecting bladder function, but not directly by nerve damage from spinal cord injury.