A nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about preventing puncture injuries, Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

A) Safety needs:
In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, safety needs are the second level, after physiological needs, and include the need for security and protection from harm. In this scenario, the client’s concern about where to hide their cellphone during the procedure reflects anxiety related to the potential loss or theft of personal property, which relates to safety and security. By offering to lock the cellphone in a secure area, the nurse is addressing the client's need for safety and reassurance about their belongings while undergoing a medical procedure.

B) Esteem needs:
Esteem needs are related to feelings of self-worth, accomplishment, and respect from others. While a person’s sense of esteem can be affected by how others treat their belongings, this particular situation does not relate to the client seeking recognition or respect. The client’s anxiety about where to place the cellphone is more about feeling secure and protected, rather than about esteem or recognition from others.

C) Love and belonging needs:
Love and belonging needs are associated with the need for interpersonal relationships, affection, and social connections. While the nurse’s interaction with the client may help foster a sense of comfort and connection, the concern about the cellphone does not stem from a need for social support or relationships. Instead, it is related to safety and security.

D) Physiological needs:
Physiological needs represent the most basic level of Maslow's hierarchy and include things like air, food, water, and shelter. Although the client is preparing for a medical procedure, their concern about the cellphone does not fall under this category. The focus here is on the safety of the client’s belongings, which is a higher-level need than basic physiological survival.

A) Cataracts:
A cloudy, opaque area over the lens of the eye is a classic sign of cataracts. Cataracts occur when the lens of the eye becomes cloudy or opaque, leading to blurry vision and, in some cases, eventual blindness if left untreated. Cataracts typically develop slowly and can be caused by aging, injury, or other conditions like diabetes. Symptoms include difficulty seeing at night, glare, and a decrease in color intensity.

B) Diabetic retinopathy:
Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that affects the blood vessels of the retina. It leads to vision problems such as blurred vision, floaters, and even blindness. However, it is characterized by damage to the retina, not cloudiness or opacity over the lens.

C) Macular degeneration:
Macular degeneration affects the macula, the part of the retina responsible for central vision. It leads to a loss of central vision, causing difficulty with tasks like reading or recognizing faces. There is often blurriness or distortion in the center of the visual field.

D) Glaucoma:
Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that lead to damage to the optic nerve often due to high intraocular pressure. It can result in peripheral vision loss and, if untreated, can lead to blindness. However, glaucoma does not cause a cloudy, opaque lens but rather affects the optic nerve and peripheral vision.