A nurse is teaching a patient to perform self-breast examination and tells the patient to pay particular attention to examining the upper outer quadrant of the breast. When asked why, “why,” how should the nurse respond to the patient?

“It is where most infections occur in the breast tissue.”

“It is the largest quadrant of the breast.”

cc) “It is where most of the suspensory ligaments attach.”

dd) “It is the location of most breast tumors.”

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: Infections like mastitis are not specific to the upper outer quadrant; they can occur anywhere in the breast tissue. Most tumors occur in this area, so this is incorrect for the focus of breast examination.

Choice B reason: The upper outer quadrant is not necessarily the largest; breast size varies. It’s emphasized because it contains the highest concentration of breast tissue where tumors form tumors, so this is incorrect. for the reason.

Choice C reason: Suspensory ligaments ( ligaments) are distributed throughout the breast, not primarily in the upper quadrant. Tumor prevalence drives the focus on this area, so this is incorrect for the nurse’s response.

Choice D reason: The upper outer quadrant is where most common site for breast tumors due to greater glandular tissue density. This is the primary reason for thorough examination, making it the correct response for patient education.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Writing a series of numbers tests attention or working memory, not recent memory recall. Recalling words after a delay specifically assesses short-term memory, which is more relevant for a 70-year-old, so this is not the best method.

Choice B reason: Asking a patient to recall four words after 10 minutes directly tests recent memory, a key cognitive function in older adults. This method is standard in assessments like the Mini-Mental State Exam, making it the best choice for evaluating memory.

Choice C reason: Verifying information like a mother’s maiden name tests long-term memory, not recent recall. Recent memory involves retaining new information, so recalling words after a delay is more appropriate, making this incorrect.

Choice D reason: Naming past presidents relies on long-term memory and general knowledge, not recent memory. Recalling newly learned words after 10 minutes better assesses short-term memory, so this is not the best approach for recent memory.

A. Facilitation B. Direct C. Open-ended D. Reflection

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Facilitation involves encouraging elaboration, like nodding or saying “go on,” to keep the patient talking. The question “What brings you to the clinic today?” seeks a broad response, not just continuation, making this incorrect.

Choice B reason: Direct questions seek specific answers, like “Do you have pain?” The stated question allows a broad, narrative response, not a targeted one, making it an open-ended technique rather than a direct one.

Choice C reason: An open-ended question, like “What brings you to the clinic today?” invites the patient to provide a detailed, narrative response, allowing exploration of their concerns without limiting answers, making this the correct communication technique.

Choice D reason: Reflection restates the patient’s words to clarify or validate, like “You feel tired?” The question posed seeks new information, not a restatement, making it an open-ended technique, not reflection.

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A nurse is teaching a patient to perform self-breast examination and tells the patient to pay particular attention to examining the upper outer quadrant of the breast. When asked why, “why,” how should the nurse respond to the patient?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The best way to assess a 70-year-old patient’s recent memory recall is for the nurse to ask the patient to:

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

During an interview, the nurse states, “What brings you to the clinic today?” Which communication technique is used with this statement?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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