A nurse is teaching a school-age child and their parents about managing diabetes mellitus during illness. The nurse should determine that the teaching has been effective when the parents indicate they will provide which of the following when the child is ill?
Decreased calories
Increased fluids
Blood glucose monitoring every 8 hr
Urine testing for leukocytes
The Correct Answer is B
A. Decreased calories:
During illness, it's important to ensure adequate calorie intake to meet the body's increased energy demands for fighting off infection. Decreasing calories is not appropriate and can lead to hypoglycemia in a child with diabetes mellitus.
B. Increased fluids:
This is the correct option. During illness, the body's fluid requirements increase due to fever, sweating, and increased urination. Providing increased fluids helps prevent dehydration, which can exacerbate hyperglycemia. Parents should encourage the child to drink plenty of water or other sugar-free fluids to stay hydrated.
C. Blood glucose monitoring every 8 hr:
During illness, blood glucose levels may fluctuate more than usual due to changes in food intake, activity level, and the body's response to stress. Therefore, more frequent blood glucose monitoring is necessary, typically every 2-4 hours or as directed by the healthcare provider, rather than every 8 hours.
D. Urine testing for leukocytes:
Urine testing for leukocytes is not directly related to managing diabetes mellitus during illness. It may be done to assess for urinary tract infections, which can occur more frequently in individuals with diabetes, but it is not a routine part of diabetes management during illness.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Increased respiratory rate: An increased respiratory rate may indicate that the child is experiencing respiratory distress or discomfort, which could be a sign that suctioning was not effective or that it was too aggressive. Ideally, after suctioning, the child's respiratory rate should stabilize or decrease as they are able to breathe more comfortably with a clear airway.
B. Decreased oxygen saturation: A decreased oxygen saturation level may indicate that the child is not receiving enough oxygen, which could be a sign of ineffective suctioning or airway obstruction. Effective suctioning should improve oxygenation by removing secretions and allowing for better airflow. A decrease in oxygen saturation would suggest the need for further assessment and intervention.
C. Clear breath sounds: This is the correct option. Clear breath sounds indicate that the airway has been effectively cleared of excess secretions, allowing for clear airflow. After suctioning, the nurse should listen for clear breath sounds without any crackles, wheezes, or other abnormal sounds indicating obstruction or congestion.
D. Increased oral secretions: Increased oral secretions may suggest that suctioning was not effective in clearing secretions from the airway, leading to pooling of secretions in the mouth. Effective suctioning should remove excess secretions from the airway, reducing the need for excessive oral secretions.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. New heart murmur
This is a common finding in infective endocarditis due to damage to the heart valves caused by the infection. The infection can lead to the development of new heart murmurs or changes in existing ones as the valves become affected.
B. Weight gain
Weight gain is not typically associated with infective endocarditis. In fact, individuals with infective endocarditis may experience weight loss due to symptoms such as fever, loss of appetite, and malaise.
C. Bradycardia
Bradycardia, or a slow heart rate, is not a typical finding in infective endocarditis. In many cases, individuals with infective endocarditis may actually present with tachycardia (rapid heart rate) due to fever and the body's response to infection.
D. Decreased body temperature
Infective endocarditis is often associated with fever, which would lead to an elevated body temperature rather than a decreased one.
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