A nurse is teaching the parent of a newborn about car seat safety.
Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

Choice A rationale

Hypotonicity is not a feature of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome. These newborns often display hypertonicity or an increased muscle tone due to overactive autonomic responses.

Choice B rationale

Moderate tremors result from central nervous system irritability during withdrawal. Elevated norepinephrine levels lead to excessive stimulation, causing tremors and jitteriness.

Choice C rationale

Axillary temperature of 36.1°C (96.9°F) reflects hypothermia, which is uncommon in opioid withdrawal. Thermoregulation issues typically present as fevers or temperature instability.

Choice D rationale

Neonatal opioid withdrawal increases arousal and irritability, leading to difficulty sleeping. Excessive sleeping is not characteristic of withdrawal and suggests an alternative cause.

Choice A rationale: Performing a vaginal exam to reassess effacement and dilation is not the immediate next action. At +2 station, the fetal head is already well-engaged in the birth canal, indicating adequate effacement and dilation. Further examination at this stage might not provide additional actionable information. Instead, the priority is to address the minimal progress observed during the prolonged second stage of labor.

Choice B rationale: Notifying the primary health care provider about minimal progress is the most appropriate next action. The client has been pushing for 2.5 hours with minimal progress, which raises concern for potential complications such as cephalopelvic disproportion or maternal exhaustion. Prompt notification allows the provider to evaluate the need for assisted delivery or other interventions to prevent prolonged labor-related complications.

Choice C rationale: Preparing the client for vacuum-assisted delivery might be considered if minimal progress persists and other factors are favorable. However, the decision for instrumental delivery requires the assessment and recommendation of the primary health care provider. Prematurely preparing for this procedure without consulting the provider may overlook other potential interventions or contraindications for assisted delivery.

Choice D rationale: Administering intravenous oxytocin is typically used to augment labor during the first stage, not the second stage where the client is actively pushing. In this scenario, uterine contractions are likely sufficient, given the prolonged pushing. The focus should be on evaluating the cause of minimal progress, which requires provider assessment before considering further interventions.