A nurse is teaching the parents of a toddler who has a cognitive impairment about toilet training. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

"Award the child with a sticker when he sits on the potty chair."

"Play the child's favorite song while teaching him to use the potty chair."

"Teach multiple steps of the skill at the same time."

"Scold the child when he has a toileting accident."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Positive reinforcement, such as giving stickers for sitting on the potty, is an effective way to encourage toilet training in toddlers, especially those with cognitive impairments.

B. Playing a favorite song can help with the process but is not as effective as a structured reinforcement like rewarding the child for participating in the activity.

C. Teaching multiple steps at once can be overwhelming for a toddler with cognitive impairments. It is better to break the task into simple, manageable steps.

D. Scolding the child for accidents can cause shame and hinder progress. Positive reinforcement is more effective than punishment.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Periods of apnea are not typical for DKA and may indicate other respiratory issues.

B. Paradoxic respirations are abnormal and occur when chest and abdomen move in opposite directions, which is not typically associated with DKA.

C. Shallow respirations are not typical of DKA; they would indicate respiratory depression or other issues.

D. Deep, rapid respirations (Kussmaul respirations) are characteristic of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). They occur as the body tries to compensate for acidosis by exhaling more carbon dioxide.

A. Decreased attention span B. Hyperactivity C. Tachycardia D. Hypotension

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Decreased attention span is a common manifestation of increased intracranial pressure, as pressure on the brain can affect cognitive function.

B. Hyperactivity is not typically associated with increased intracranial pressure. It would be more common for the child to exhibit lethargy or irritability.

C. Tachycardia is not a primary symptom of increased intracranial pressure. Typically, bradycardia (slow heart rate) is seen in cases of severe intracranial pressure.

D. Hypotension is not usually associated with increased intracranial pressure. In fact, increased intracranial pressure often leads to elevated blood pressure and a widening pulse pressure.

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A nurse is teaching the parents of a toddler who has a cognitive impairment about toilet training. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

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