A nurse is teaching the parents of a toddler who has a cognitive impairment about toilet training. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

"Award the child with a sticker when he sits on the potty chair."

"Play the child's favorite song while teaching him to use the potty chair."

"Teach multiple steps of the skill at the same time."

"Scold the child when he has a toileting accident."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Positive reinforcement, such as giving stickers for sitting on the potty, is an effective way to encourage toilet training in toddlers, especially those with cognitive impairments.

B. Playing a favorite song can help with the process but is not as effective as a structured reinforcement like rewarding the child for participating in the activity.

C. Teaching multiple steps at once can be overwhelming for a toddler with cognitive impairments. It is better to break the task into simple, manageable steps.

D. Scolding the child for accidents can cause shame and hinder progress. Positive reinforcement is more effective than punishment.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Forceful vomiting in a child with a concussion could indicate increased intracranial pressure (ICP), which is a medical emergency. Vomiting is a common symptom of ICP, and prompt assessment is necessary to determine the severity of the concussion and prevent further complications.

B. Pain following halo traction is expected, and a pain score of 6 is moderate. The pain can be managed with appropriate interventions, and it does not indicate an immediate life-threatening situation.

C. Brown-colored urine in acute glomerulonephritis is concerning for hematuria, but it typically develops over several days and is not an acute emergency.

D. A headache in a patient with infective endocarditis could indicate a potential complication such as embolism or increased intracranial pressure, but it is not as immediately life-threatening as the signs of a concussion.

A. "Oxygen saturation levels elevate due to scaring of lung tissue and impairment of gas exchange." B. "The condition impairs the function of the intestines, therefore affecting blood glucose levels." C. "The condition produces mucus in the lungs, affecting potassium levels." D. "The condition affects the movement of sodium and water, lowering sodium levels."

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Oxygen saturation levels typically decrease, not elevate, in cystic fibrosis due to scarring and impairment of lung function, leading to difficulty with gas exchange.

B. Cystic fibrosis primarily affects the lungs and digestive system but does not directly impact blood glucose levels unless diabetes develops as a complication.

C. Cystic fibrosis affects mucus production in the lungs, but potassium levels are not typically affected in the way described. Potassium imbalance would be more related to renal function or other factors.

D. Cystic fibrosis affects the movement of sodium and water across cell membranes, leading to thickened mucus and an increased risk of electrolyte imbalances, such as low sodium levels (hyponatremia).

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A nurse is teaching the parents of a toddler who has a cognitive impairment about toilet training. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

Nursing Test Bank

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