A nurse should identify that which of the following factors is a protective factor that prevents adults from developing addictions?

A. Lack of emotional expression: While affective flattening can occur in schizophrenia, it is not one of the core diagnostic criteria. Schizophrenia is characterized by a variety of symptoms, but the lack of emotional expression alone is not sufficient for diagnosis.
B. Impaired interpersonal relationships: Although individuals with schizophrenia may experience difficulties in relationships, this is a consequence of the disorder rather than a diagnostic criterion. The focus of the diagnosis is on specific symptomatic criteria.
C. Disorganized behavior: This symptom is included in the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia. Disorganized behavior can manifest as erratic or unpredictable actions that significantly impair functioning and are characteristic of the disorder.
D. Inability to initiate activities: While avolition (lack of motivation to initiate activities) is a symptom associated with schizophrenia, it is not explicitly listed as one of the primary diagnostic criteria in the DSM-5. It may contribute to the overall picture of the disorder.
E. Hallucinations: Hallucinations, particularly auditory hallucinations, are one of the hallmark symptoms of schizophrenia and are essential for diagnosis according to the DSM-5. The presence of hallucinations significantly impacts the individual's perception of reality.
F. Antisocial personality: Antisocial personality disorder is a separate diagnosis and not a symptom of schizophrenia. The presence of antisocial behavior does not align with the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia.

A. Somatic symptom disorder: Somatic symptom disorder involves experiencing physical symptoms that cause significant distress or impairment, often without a clear medical cause. The client's action of cutting themselves due to boredom suggests a maladaptive coping mechanism related to emotional distress, which aligns with the characteristics of somatic symptom disorder.
B. Illness anxiety disorder: Illness anxiety disorder is characterized by excessive worry about having a serious illness despite minimal or no symptoms. The client's self-harming behavior does not indicate anxiety about illness but rather reflects an impulsive action taken out of boredom.
C. Functional neurological symptom disorder: Functional neurological symptom disorder features neurological symptoms that cannot be explained by a medical condition. However, it typically does not involve self-harm as a response to boredom. The client's behavior does not fit this diagnosis.
D. Factitious disorder: Factitious disorder involves intentionally producing or feigning symptoms to adopt the sick role or gain attention. While the client is engaging in self-harm, it does not appear to be for the purpose of deception or seeking attention, which distinguishes their behavior from factitious disorder.