A nurse in an emergency department is collecting data from a client who has a personality disorder and reports that they recently used illicit drugs. Which of the following screening tools should the nurse use to determine if the client has recently used an illicit substance?

A. The client may increase their substance use dramatically: While stigma and negative beliefs can affect a client’s self-esteem and motivation, believing addiction is the client's fault does not directly lead to increased substance use. Clients may instead feel shame or hopelessness in response to stigma.
B. The client may ask for residential treatment instead of outpatient treatment: This outcome is not directly related to providers believing that addiction is the client's own fault. The client's treatment preference may depend on various factors, including the severity of their addiction and personal circumstances.
C. The provider may choose to abuse substances: While healthcare providers can experience addiction, believing that addiction is the client’s fault does not necessarily lead to the provider themselves abusing substances.
D. The provider may deny care or deliver poor quality of care: When providers hold the belief that addiction is the client's own fault, it can lead to bias, stigma, and judgment. This attitude may result in denying care or providing inadequate treatment, ultimately impacting the quality of care the client receives and hindering their recovery process.

A. Seizures and tremors: Seizures are not a typical adverse effect of tardive dyskinesia. Tremors can occur with other types of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) related to antipsychotic medications, but they are not specific to tardive dyskinesia.
B. Uncontrolled movements around the mouth: Tardive dyskinesia is characterized by involuntary, repetitive movements, often involving the mouth, face, and tongue. These movements can include lip smacking, grimacing, and tongue protrusion, making this option the most appropriate.
C. Hallucinations and delusions: These symptoms are associated with the primary mental illness (such as schizophrenia) rather than being direct adverse effects of tardive dyskinesia or antipsychotic medication. Tardive dyskinesia is a movement disorder, not a psychotic symptom.
D. Nausea and vomiting: Nausea and vomiting can be side effects of antipsychotic medications, particularly in the early phases of treatment or with certain medications. However, they are not specifically associated with tardive dyskinesia.