A nu’se is preparing to administer heparin subcutaneously to a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take to minimize bleeding following the injection?

A) Give diphenhydramine IM: Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine that can help alleviate allergic symptoms such as itching, hives, and mild allergic reactions. However, in the case of an anaphylactic reaction, which is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction, diphenhydramine alone may not be sufficient. While it can be administered as an adjunctive therapy, it is not the primary intervention for anaphylaxis. Therefore, giving diphenhydramine IM should not be the next action after stopping the medication infusion.

B) Elevate the client's legs and feet: Elevating the client's legs and feet is a supportive measure that can help improve venous return to the heart and mitigate symptoms of hypotension. However, in the context of an anaphylactic reaction, the priority is to address airway compromise and cardiovascular collapse, as these are life-threatening complications. Elevating the legs and feet may be considered after administering epinephrine and ensuring stabilization of the client's airway, breathing, and circulation.

C) Replace the infusion with 0.9% sodium chloride: While stopping the infusion of the offending medication is essential in managing an anaphylactic reaction, replacing it with 0.9% sodium chloride solution alone does not address the systemic effects of anaphylaxis. The priority is to administer medications such as epinephrine to reverse the allergic response and stabilize the client's condition. Therefore, replacing the infusion with 0.9% sodium chloride should not be the next action after stopping the medication infusion.

D) Administer epinephrine IM: Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis due to its rapid onset of action and ability to reverse bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, and increased vascular permeability associated with the allergic reaction. Administering epinephrine IM helps counteract the severe manifestations of anaphylaxis, including respiratory distress and hypotension. Therefore, it is the most appropriate next action after stopping the medication infusion and assessing the client's respiratory status.

A) Hematuria: Hematuria, or blood in the urine, is not typically associated with an allergic reaction to cefaclor. Allergic reactions usually manifest with symptoms such as rash, itching, swelling, or difficulty breathing. Hematuria is more likely indicative of a urinary tract infection, kidney stones, or another non-allergic issue.

B) Pruritus: Pruritus, or itching, is a common symptom of an allergic reaction to medications like cefaclor. Itching can occur on the skin or mucous membranes and may be accompanied by other allergic symptoms such as rash, hives, or swelling. Therefore, the presence of pruritus should raise suspicion for a potential allergic reaction to cefaclor.

C) Slurred speech: Slurred speech is not a typical manifestation of an allergic reaction to cefaclor. It is more commonly associated with neurological conditions, intoxication, stroke, or side effects of certain medications, rather than an allergic response to antibiotics.

D) Tremor: Tremor, or involuntary shaking, is not a characteristic sign of an allergic reaction to cefaclor. Tremors can have various causes, including neurological disorders, medication side effects, or metabolic abnormalities. While tremors can occur in severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis), they are not among the primary symptoms.