A patient admitted to the medical-surgical unit was recently weaned from a mechanical ventilator and an IV infusion of lorazepam.
The patient has been alert and oriented for 24 hours but is now experiencing confusion.
The practical nurse assists the registered nurse with the evaluation of new-onset confusion by assessing the patient’s sense of place and time, difficulty focusing, short-term memory loss, and increased lethargy.
What condition does the practical nurse suspect in this patient?
Psychosis.
Dementia.
Amnesia.
Delirium.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice D rationale
Delirium is a sudden onset of confusion that can be caused by a variety of factors, including withdrawal from certain medications like lorazepam. Symptoms can include disorientation, difficulty focusing, short-term memory loss, and increased lethargy.
Choice A rationale
Psychosis is a severe mental disorder characterized by a disconnection from reality. It often involves hallucinations or delusions, which are not mentioned in the scenario.
Choice B rationale
Dementia is a chronic or persistent disorder of the mental processes caused by brain disease or injury. It is marked by memory disorders, personality changes, and impaired reasoning. It typically does not have a sudden onset.
Choice C rationale
Amnesia is a condition in which one’s memory is lost or disturbed. It can be caused by brain injury or severe emotional trauma. The scenario does not provide information suggesting the patient has experienced a loss of memory.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Confusion can cause a temporary state of disorientation and difficulty with concentration and memory, but it doesn’t typically result in a loss of multiple abilities such as short- and long- term memory, language, and the ability to understand.
Choice B rationale
Dementia is a progressive condition that affects memory, thinking skills, and the ability to perform everyday tasks. It can cause loss of multiple abilities such as short- and long-term memory, language, and the ability to understand.
Choice C rationale
Delirium is a sudden and severe confusion that comes on quickly and can cause changes in memory, thinking, attention, and perception. However, it is usually temporary and reversible, unlike the progressive loss of abilities seen in dementia.
Choice D rationale
Aggression is a type of behavior characterized by hostile, forceful, or destructive actions. It does not involve a loss of multiple abilities such as short- and long-term memory, language, and the ability to understand.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
The management of delirium is indeed dependent on its cause, with the primary focus being to address the root cause. This could involve treating an underlying infection, adjusting a medication regimen, or addressing other factors that may have triggered the delirium.
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