A patient arrives to the clinic for evaluation. The clinician reports that the patient is experiencing acute hepatitis. The patient is visibly jaundiced and reports dark urine and clay-colored stools. The liver is enlarged and tender. Which phase of acute hepatitis does this represent?
Prodrome
Icterus
Recovery
Incubation
The Correct Answer is B
A. The prodrome phase occurs before the onset of jaundice and includes nonspecific symptoms like fatigue and malaise, which the patient has already progressed beyond.
B. The icterus phase is characterized by jaundice, dark urine, clay-colored stools, and liver enlargement, all of which are present in this patient's symptoms.
C. The recovery phase follows the icterus phase and involves the resolution of symptoms and jaundice.
D. The incubation phase occurs before symptoms appear, and the patient is already exhibiting clear clinical manifestations.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. The fecal-oral route is associated with gastrointestinal viruses, not respiratory infections like influenza.
B. While influenza can spread through airborne transmission, it primarily spreads via respiratory droplets, which are larger and do not remain suspended in the air for long distances.
C. Direct contact can also transmit the virus, but it is less common compared to the droplet route.
D. Respiratory droplets are the primary mode of transmission for influenza, occurring when an infected person coughs or sneezes, releasing droplets that can be inhaled by others nearby.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Retroviruses do indeed have RNA as their genetic material, but the key characteristic that defines them is their ability to reverse transcribe RNA into DNA.
B. While surface antigens play a role in viral entry, this does not specifically define a retrovirus.
C. Retroviruses, such as HIV, integrate their RNA into the host cell's DNA, which is a defining feature of this virus type and crucial for its replication cycle.
D. While retroviruses can lead to cell destruction over time, this is not a defining characteristic; many viruses can cause cell damage.
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