The clinical manifestation of acute pancreatitis as related to the inflammatory response include:

Sudden onset of upper abdominal pain

Constipation

Melena

Insidious abdominal pain

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Acute pancreatitis typically presents with a sudden onset of severe upper abdominal pain, often radiating to the back.

B. Constipation is not a direct symptom of acute pancreatitis; patients may experience diarrhea instead.

C. Melena, or black tarry stools, is more associated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding rather than pancreatitis.

D. Insidious abdominal pain is more characteristic of chronic conditions rather than acute pancreatitis.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Apoptosis refers to programmed cell death, which is a controlled process rather than a direct consequence of infection and blood flow issues.

B. Necrosis occurs when there is unregulated cell death due to injury or lack of blood flow, often resulting from infection or inflammation leading to tissue damage.

C. Cellular adaptation refers to changes that occur in cells in response to stress or injury but does not encompass the direct consequences of infection and impaired blood flow.

D. Cellular damage can occur as a result of necrosis or other processes, but in the context of infection and blood flow issues, necrosis is the more definitive outcome.

A. Because you have had the flu once, you will be protected from getting it again. B. You continue to be at risk because nothing can protect you from reinfection. C. Premedication with immunosuppressants will provide protection against infection. D. Vaccination for prevalent strains of influenza virus can provide improved protection against the disease.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Having had the flu does not guarantee lifelong immunity; different strains can circulate each year.

B. While previous infection may provide some immunity, it is not complete protection, and vaccination can enhance protection against future infections.

C. Immunosuppressants would actually increase the risk of infection rather than provide protection.

D. Vaccination is the best way to provide protection against prevalent strains of influenza, as the virus can mutate and new strains can emerge each season.

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The clinical manifestation of acute pancreatitis as related to the inflammatory response include:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

When the overgrowth of infectious agents is combined with decreased blood flow, what happens?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The following season, you are concerned about getting the flu again. Which of the following statements is true?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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