A patient asks the nurse, "What is blood pressure?" The nurse would most appropriately respond:

"A complex measurement that should only be discussed with your health care provider."

"A measurement that should always be 120/80 unless complications are present."

"A measurement that takes into consideration the amount of blood that your heart is pumping and the size of the vessel diameter the heart must pump against.”

"The amount of pressure exerted on your veins by the blood."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. "A complex measurement that should only be discussed with your health care provider": This response is dismissive and does not provide the patient with valuable information or education.

B. "A measurement that should always be 120/80 unless complications are present": While 120/80 mmHg is a common target, blood pressure varies based on individual health and other factors.

C. "A measurement that takes into consideration the amount of blood that your heart is pumping and the size of the vessel diameter the heart must pump against": This response accurately explains that blood pressure is the force of blood against the walls of the arteries and is influenced by cardiac output and vascular resistance.

D. "The amount of pressure exerted on your veins by the blood": Blood pressure refers to the pressure within the arteries, not veins.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. An increase in O2 saturation to greater than 90%: An increase in oxygen saturation is typically a positive sign and does not indicate worsening heart failure.

B. The onset of atrial fibrillation: The development of atrial fibrillation (AFib) in a patient with heart failure is a sign of worsening heart failure, as it indicates increased atrial pressure and the potential for further hemodynamic compromise.

C. Louder S1 and S2 heart sounds: Louder heart sounds do not specifically indicate worsening heart failure. They may vary based on other factors such as body habitus or the position of the patient.

D. A decrease in heart rate to 66 bpm: A heart rate of 66 bpm is within the normal range and does not suggest worsening heart failure.

A. Patient stopped smoking five years prior to hospitalization B. Patient smokes five cigars a week C. Patient uses chewing tobacco D. Patient smoked cigarettes any time during the last year prior to hospitalization

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Patient stopped smoking five years prior to hospitalization: Smoking cessation materials are typically targeted to current smokers or those who have quit very recently (usually within the last year). This patient may not need smoking cessation materials as they have been smoke-free for a significant period.

B. Patient smokes five cigars a week: Smoking cigars still carries health risks similar to cigarettes and indicates the need for smoking cessation materials.

C. Patient uses chewing tobacco: Chewing tobacco is a form of smokeless tobacco, and while harmful, it would require different educational materials focused on smokeless tobacco cessation rather than smoking cessation.

D. Patient smoked cigarettes any time during the last year prior to hospitalization: This indicates current or recent smoking behavior which is a significant risk factor that needs to be addressed.

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A patient asks the nurse, "What is blood pressure?" The nurse would most appropriately respond:

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