Which of the following describes why an ACE inhibitor is prescribed to a patient with Heart Failure?
decreases contractility
increases preload
decreased afterload
increases sympathetic stimulation
The Correct Answer is C
A. Decreases contractility: This is incorrect because ACE inhibitors do not directly affect myocardial contractility. They primarily work on the vascular system.
B. Increases preload: This is incorrect as ACE inhibitors do not increase preload. They may decrease preload by reducing fluid retention.
C. Decreased afterload: ACE inhibitors lower systemic vascular resistance (afterload) by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. This reduces the workload on the heart.
D. Increases sympathetic stimulation: This is incorrect because ACE inhibitors actually reduce sympathetic stimulation by preventing the vasoconstrictive and sodium-retaining effects of angiotensin II.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Patient stopped smoking five years prior to hospitalization: Smoking cessation materials are typically targeted to current smokers or those who have quit very recently (usually within the last year). This patient may not need smoking cessation materials as they have been smoke-free for a significant period.
B. Patient smokes five cigars a week: Smoking cigars still carries health risks similar to cigarettes and indicates the need for smoking cessation materials.
C. Patient uses chewing tobacco: Chewing tobacco is a form of smokeless tobacco, and while harmful, it would require different educational materials focused on smokeless tobacco cessation rather than smoking cessation.
D. Patient smoked cigarettes any time during the last year prior to hospitalization: This indicates current or recent smoking behavior which is a significant risk factor that needs to be addressed.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. PT/INR: PT/INR is used to assess clotting function and liver synthetic function but does not directly relate to the symptoms of lethargy and confusion.
B. Urea: Urea levels are related to kidney function and protein metabolism but do not directly explain the symptoms of encephalopathy.
C. Ammonia: Elevated ammonia levels in cirrhosis can lead to hepatic encephalopathy, which presents as lethargy and confusion. The liver is unable to convert ammonia to urea, leading to its accumulation in the blood.
D. Albumin: Albumin levels are important in assessing nutritional status and fluid balance in cirrhosis but do not directly cause lethargy and confusion.
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